NF-κB: Governing Macrophages in Cancer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The NF-κB Pathway in TAMs
Tumor/Cell Type | Stimuli | NF-κB Pathway Component | TAMs Phenotype | Effect | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Breast carcinoma | SP1 | p65/p50 | M2 | Pro-tumor | [54,55,56] |
Melanoma | Mechanical stretch | p65 | M1 | Anti-tumor | [57,58] |
Lung cancer | TRAIL | p65 | M1 | Anti-tumor | [59] |
Melanoma, Bladder cancer | HSPs/TLR4 | NF-κB | M2 | Pro-tumor | [60] |
Breast cancer | M-CSF | p50 | M2 | Pro-tumor | [62] |
Pancreatic cancer | CUX1 | p65 (RelA) | M2 | Pro-tumor | [66] |
Hepatoma | TLR2 | p65 | M2 | Pro-tumor (Autophagy) | [67] |
Pancreatic cancer | IL-33 | IκBα | M2 | Pro-tumor (Dissemination/ Metastasis) | [68,69] |
Hepatocellular carcinoma | Hypoxia | IKKβ | M2 | Pro-tumor (Angiogenesis, EMT) | [71] |
hTHP1/mBMDM (Human monocytic cell line/ murine bone marrow-derived macrophage) | Cycling hypoxia | p65 | M1 | Anti-tumor (M0-M1 transition) | [75] |
Ovarian cancer | Chemotherapeutic agents | IKK | M2 | Pro-tumor | [77] |
THP1 (monocytic cell line) | Low radiation doses | p50/p50; p65 | M2 | Pro-tumor (Reduced M1 cytokines) | [79] |
THP1 (monocytic cell line) | Moderate radiation doses | p65/p50 | M1 | Anti-tumor | [80] |
Mammary Carcinoma, Pancreatic adenocarcinoma | High radiation doses | p50 | M2 | Pro-tumor | [81] |
3. NF-κB Signaling in TAMs: The Lesson from Different Human Cancer Types
3.1. Hepatocellular Carcinoma
3.2. Breast Cancer
3.3. Colon Cancer
3.4. Glioblastoma
3.5. Gynecologic Cancer
3.6. Other Solid Tumors
4. Targeting NF-κB Pathway in TAMs
4.1. Re-Educating TAMs via NF-κB Modulation
4.2. TAMs Depletion and Termination of Recruitment via NF-κB Modulation
4.3. Targeting TAMs in Clinical Setting
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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TAM REPROGRAMMING | |||
---|---|---|---|
Molecules/Drug | Target | Cancers | Ref. |
Chrysin thiazole derivative (ChR-TD) | TLR4/NF-κB | Breast cancer cell line (4T1) | [187] |
Anemoside A3 (A3) | TLR4/NF-κB | Breast cancer | [188] |
β-D-(1→6) glucan (AAMP-A70) | TLR2/Akt/NF-κB | Colon cancer cells | [189] |
Aqueous Extract of Cimicifuga dahurica (CRAE) | TLR4/MyD88/TAK1/NF-κB | MM | [190] |
Homogeneous Polyporus Polysaccharide (HPP) | TLR2/NF-κB/NLRP3 | Bladder cancer | [191] |
Baicalein | PI3K/NF-κB | Breast cancer, melanoma | [57] |
IKK2 | NF-κB | OC | [192] |
BAY11-7082 | NF-κB/miR30a | Bladder cancer cells | [166] |
IncRNA DCST1-AS1 | NF-κB | OSCC | [193] |
Glycocalyx-mimicking nanoparticles (GNPs) | STAT6 and NF-κB | LLC | [194] |
Mannose modified lipid nanoparticles (M-IMD-LNP) with IMD-0354 | NF-κB | Melanoma cells (B16) | [195] |
Hyaluronic acid (HA) nanoparticles, loaded with micro-RNA miR-125 | NF-κB | NSCLC | [196] |
Porous hollow iron oxide nanoparticles (PHNPs) loaded with 3-methyladenine (3-MA) | PI3Kγ/Akt/NF-κB | Breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) | [197] |
PLGA-ION-R837@M | TLR7/IRF5/NF-κB | Breast cancer cell line (4T1) | [198] |
Gd@C82 nanoparticles modified with b-alanines (GF-Ala) | NF-κB/IRF5 | Breast cancer cell line (4T1) | [199] |
Copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS-NP) | NF-κB | Melanoma | [200] |
Cetuximab | NF-κB and STAT3 | CRC | [201] |
Cabazitaxel | TLR/NF-κB | Breast cancer cells | [202] |
Proton irradiation | NF-κB | THP1 cells | [80] |
TAM DEPLETION AND TERMINATION OF RECRUITMENT | |||
CCR2 antagonist or knocking out of host CCR2 | CCL2/CCR2/NF-κB | HCC | [203] |
Total glucosides of paeony (TGP) | NF-κB/CCL2 | Breast cancer | [204] |
IκBα si-RNA encapsulated into mannosylated siRNA-delivering NPs | NF-κB | OC, breast cancer | [205] |
Trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) | NF-κB | PCa | [206] |
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Cornice, J.; Verzella, D.; Arboretto, P.; Vecchiotti, D.; Capece, D.; Zazzeroni, F.; Franzoso, G. NF-κB: Governing Macrophages in Cancer. Genes 2024, 15, 197. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15020197
Cornice J, Verzella D, Arboretto P, Vecchiotti D, Capece D, Zazzeroni F, Franzoso G. NF-κB: Governing Macrophages in Cancer. Genes. 2024; 15(2):197. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15020197
Chicago/Turabian StyleCornice, Jessica, Daniela Verzella, Paola Arboretto, Davide Vecchiotti, Daria Capece, Francesca Zazzeroni, and Guido Franzoso. 2024. "NF-κB: Governing Macrophages in Cancer" Genes 15, no. 2: 197. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15020197
APA StyleCornice, J., Verzella, D., Arboretto, P., Vecchiotti, D., Capece, D., Zazzeroni, F., & Franzoso, G. (2024). NF-κB: Governing Macrophages in Cancer. Genes, 15(2), 197. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15020197