L Chromosome Behaviour and Chromosomal Imprinting in Sciara Coprophila
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. L Chromosome Elimination in the Soma
1.2. L Chromosome Elimination in the Germ-Line
1.3. L Chromosome Behaviour During Male Meiosis
2. The Epigenotype of L Chromosomes
3. L Chromosomes and Chromosomal Imprinting of the Regular Chromosomes
3.1. Erasure of Parental Imprints and Selective Retention of L Chromosomes and Regular Maternal Chromosomes at the First Spermatocyte Division
3.2. L Chromosomes and Imprinting of the Controlling Element
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Stage | Epigenetic Modifications |
---|---|
First somatic division | L chromosomes are positive for H4K8Ac [9] |
Syncytial embryo before elimination | L chromosomes are positive for H3S10P at pro-metaphase [16]. Proceeding to metaphase they become positive for H3S28P [16]. The centromeres are specifically stained with H3T3P antibodies at metaphase [16]. |
Syncytial embryo during elimination | L chromosome arms are stained with H3S10P at metaphase/anaphase [16]. By contrast, the regulars have lost their H3S10P staining at anaphase. |
Resting stage germ cells before elimination of Xp | L chromosomes are negative for H4K8Ac, H4K12Ac and PanH3Ac [9]. |
Resting stage germ cells after elimination of Xp | L chromosomes are negative for H4K8Ac, H4K12Ac and PanH3Ac [9]. |
Germ cells undergoing larval mitosis I (9th day after oviposition) | L chromosomes are negative for H4K8Ac [9]. They are positive for H3K9me2, H3K9me3, H4K20me3, 5MeC and the two HP1-like proteins ScoHET1 and ScoHET2 [13]. |
Germ cells at end of mitosis III in third instar larvae (12th day after oviposition) | L chromosomes are negative for H4K8Ac [9]. |
Prophase of Meiosis I | L chromosomes are negative for H3S10P, H3S28P and H3T3P but positive for H3T11P [15] |
Meiosis I | L chromosomes are negative for H3S10P, H3S28P and H3T3P but positive for H3T11P [15]. They are also negative for H4K8Ac [9]. |
Meiosis II | L chromosomes are positive for H3S10P, H3S28P and H3T3P and H3T11P [15]. They are also positive for ScoHET1 [13]. |
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Singh, P.B.; Belyakin, S.N. L Chromosome Behaviour and Chromosomal Imprinting in Sciara Coprophila. Genes 2018, 9, 440. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes9090440
Singh PB, Belyakin SN. L Chromosome Behaviour and Chromosomal Imprinting in Sciara Coprophila. Genes. 2018; 9(9):440. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes9090440
Chicago/Turabian StyleSingh, Prim B., and Stepan N. Belyakin. 2018. "L Chromosome Behaviour and Chromosomal Imprinting in Sciara Coprophila" Genes 9, no. 9: 440. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes9090440