Oxygen-Isotope-Based Modeling of the Hydrothermal Fluid Processes of the Taochong Skarn Iron Deposit, Anhui Province, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geological Setting
3. Mineralization Styles and Paragenetic Sequence
4. Samples and Analytical Techniques
5. Results
6. Discussion
6.1. Sources of Hydrothermal Fluids
6.2. Modeling of Hydrothermal Fluid Processes
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Mineral | Temperature (°C) a | δ18O‰ | δ18Owater (‰) b |
---|---|---|---|---|
TCYQ101 | Hematite (Hm-1) | 380 | −6.86 | 2.67 |
TCYQ102 | Hematite (Hm-2) | 320 | −1.60 | 8.54 |
TCYQ103 | Hematite (Hm-2) | 320 | −2.50 | 7.64 |
TCYQ104 | Hematite (Hm-2) | 320 | −2.10 | 8.04 |
TCYQ129 | Magnetite | 320 | −5.00 | 3.08 |
TCYQ139 | Magnetite | 320 | −3.91 | 4.17 |
TCYQ183 | Magnetite | 320 | −8.20 | −0.12 |
TCYQ100 c | Magnetite | 320 | −4.70 | 3.38 |
TCYQ106-1 d | Quartz (Q-3) | 300 | 8.74 | 1.85 |
TCYQ128 d | Quartz (Q-3) | 320 | 7.89 | 1.68 |
TCYQ132 d | Quartz (Q-3) | 320 | 8.80 | 2.59 |
TCYQ143 d | Quartz (Q-3) | 320 | 7.94 | 1.73 |
TCYQ101 d | Calcite (Cal-2) | 260 | 8.96 | 1.88 |
TCYQ132 d | Calcite (Cal-2) | 260 | 9.15 | 2.07 |
TCYQ139 d | Calcite (Cal-3) | 250 | 7.81 | 0.36 |
TCYQ003 c | Calcite (Cal-3) | 250 | 5.80 | −1.65 |
TCYQ004 c | Calcite (Cal-3) | 250 | 5.50 | −1.95 |
TCYQ005 c | Calcite (Cal-3) | 250 | 5.30 | −2.15 |
TCYQ006 c | Calcite (Cal-3) | 250 | 5.28 | −2.17 |
F = Mass | Tmix (°C) | δ18Owater | δ18Omineral | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fraction Brine | Quartz | Hematite | Magnetite | Calcite | ||
The Minerals in Equilibrium with A Magmatic Brine (T = 500 °C, δ18O = 8.6‰) That Is Mixing with Meteoric Water (T = 200 °C, δ18O = −3.2‰) | ||||||
1.00 | 500 | 8.60 | 10.9 | 0.24 | 1.61 | 10.99 |
0.95 | 485 | 8.01 | 10.5 | −0.49 | 0.93 | 10.55 |
0.90 | 470 | 7.42 | 10.1 | −1.22 | 0.24 | 10.12 |
0.85 | 455 | 6.83 | 9.8 | −1.96 | −0.45 | 9.70 |
0.80 | 440 | 6.24 | 9.5 | −2.69 | −1.14 | 9.30 |
0.75 | 425 | 5.65 | 9.2 | −3.43 | −1.82 | 8.91 |
0.70 | 410 | 5.06 | 8.9 | −4.17 | −2.51 | 8.54 |
0.65 | 395 | 4.47 | 8.6 | −4.91 | −3.50 | 8.19 |
0.60 | 380 | 3.88 | 8.4 | −5.65 | −3.87 | 7.86 |
0.55 | 365 | 3.29 | 8.2 | −6.39 | −4.55 | 7.54 |
0.50 | 350 | 2.70 | 8.0 | −7.14 | −5.22 | 7.26 |
0.45 | 335 | 2.11 | 7.8 | −7.88 | −5.89 | 7.00 |
0.40 | 320 | 1.52 | 7.7 | −8.62 | −6.56 | 6.77 |
0.35 | 305 | 0.93 | 7.6 | −9.36 | −7.21 | 6.58 |
0.30 | 290 | 0.34 | 7.6 | −10.10 | −7.86 | 6.42 |
0.25 | 275 | −0.25 | 7.6 | −10.83 | −8.50 | 6.30 |
0.20 | 260 | −0.84 | 7.7 | −11.56 | −9.13 | 6.24 |
0.15 | 245 | −1.43 | 7.8 | −12.28 | −9.74 | 6.22 |
0.10 | 230 | −2.02 | 7.9 | −13.00 | −10.33 | 6.27 |
0.05 | 215 | −2.61 | 8.2 | −13.70 | −10.91 | 6.38 |
0.00 | 200 | −3.20 | 8.5 | −14.39 | −11.45 | 6.57 |
The Minerals in Equilibrium with A Magmatic Brine (T = 500 °C, δ18O = 8.6‰) That Is Mixing with Meteoric Water (T = 200 °C, δ18O = −5.0‰) | ||||||
1.00 | 500 | 8.60 | 10.85 | 0.24 | 1.61 | 10.99 |
0.95 | 485 | 7.92 | 10.40 | −0.58 | 0.84 | 10.46 |
0.90 | 470 | 7.24 | 9.96 | −1.40 | 0.06 | 9.94 |
0.85 | 455 | 6.56 | 9.53 | −2.23 | −0.72 | 9.43 |
0.80 | 440 | 5.88 | 9.13 | −3.05 | −1.50 | 8.94 |
0.75 | 425 | 5.20 | 8.73 | −3.88 | −2.27 | 8.46 |
0.70 | 410 | 4.52 | 8.36 | −4.71 | −3.05 | 8.00 |
0.65 | 395 | 3.84 | 8.01 | −5.54 | −3.82 | 7.56 |
0.60 | 380 | 3.16 | 7.68 | −6.37 | −5.05 | 7.14 |
0.55 | 365 | 2.48 | 7.38 | −7.20 | −5.36 | 6.73 |
0.50 | 350 | 1.80 | 7.10 | −8.04 | −6.12 | 6.36 |
0.45 | 335 | 1.12 | 6.86 | −8.87 | −6.88 | 6.01 |
0.40 | 320 | 0.44 | 6.65 | −9.70 | −7.64 | 5.69 |
0.35 | 305 | −0.24 | 6.47 | −10.53 | −8.38 | 5.41 |
0.30 | 290 | −0.92 | 6.34 | −11.36 | −9.12 | 5.16 |
0.25 | 275 | −1.60 | 6.25 | −12.18 | −9.85 | 4.95 |
0.20 | 260 | −2.28 | 6.21 | −13.00 | −10.57 | 4.80 |
0.15 | 245 | −2.96 | 6.23 | −13.81 | −11.27 | 4.69 |
0.10 | 230 | −3.64 | 6.31 | −14.62 | −11.95 | 4.65 |
0.05 | 215 | −4.32 | 6.46 | −15.41 | −12.62 | 4.67 |
0.00 | 200 | −5.00 | 6.70 | −16.19 | −13.25 | 4.77 |
T (°C) | δ18Owater | δ18Omineral | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quartz | Hematite | Magnetite | Calcite | ||
500 | 8.60 | 10.9 | 0.24 | 1.61 | 10.99 |
480 | 8.60 | 11.2 | 0.05 | 1.48 | 11.19 |
460 | 8.60 | 11.5 | −0.14 | 1.35 | 11.41 |
440 | 8.60 | 11.8 | −0.33 | 1.22 | 11.66 |
420 | 8.60 | 12.2 | −0.53 | 1.10 | 11.93 |
400 | 8.60 | 12.7 | −0.73 | 0.97 | 12.24 |
380 | 8.60 | 13.1 | −0.93 | 0.85 | 12.58 |
360 | 8.60 | 13.6 | −1.13 | 0.73 | 12.95 |
340 | 8.60 | 14.2 | −1.34 | 0.62 | 13.38 |
320 | 8.60 | 14.8 | −1.54 | 0.52 | 13.85 |
300 | 8.60 | 15.5 | −1.74 | 0.44 | 14.39 |
280 | 8.60 | 16.2 | −1.93 | 0.37 | 14.99 |
260 | 8.60 | 17.1 | −2.12 | 0.31 | 15.68 |
240 | 8.60 | 18.0 | −2.29 | 0.29 | 16.46 |
220 | 8.60 | 19.1 | −2.45 | 0.30 | 17.35 |
200 | 8.60 | 20.3 | −2.59 | 0.35 | 18.37 |
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Li, N.; Cao, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Du, Y.; Guo, C. Oxygen-Isotope-Based Modeling of the Hydrothermal Fluid Processes of the Taochong Skarn Iron Deposit, Anhui Province, China. Minerals 2021, 11, 375. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11040375
Li N, Cao Y, Zhang Z, Du Y, Guo C. Oxygen-Isotope-Based Modeling of the Hydrothermal Fluid Processes of the Taochong Skarn Iron Deposit, Anhui Province, China. Minerals. 2021; 11(4):375. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11040375
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Niannian, Yi Cao, Zhaonian Zhang, Yilun Du, and Chenfang Guo. 2021. "Oxygen-Isotope-Based Modeling of the Hydrothermal Fluid Processes of the Taochong Skarn Iron Deposit, Anhui Province, China" Minerals 11, no. 4: 375. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11040375