Bioleaching of Gold from Silicate Ore by Macrococcus caseolyticus and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus: Effect of Medium, Amino Acids and Growth Supernatant
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ore Sample Preparation
2.2. Screening and Isolate of Microorganisms for Gold Bioleaching
2.3. Microbial Identification
2.4. Gold Concentration Analysis
2.5. Bioleaching of Gold by Isolated Microorganisms
2.5.1. Bioleaching by Microorganisms (in the Presence of the Microorganism)
2.5.2. Bioleaching by Growth Supernatant (in the Absence of the Microorganism)
2.6. Amino Acid Analysis
2.6.1. Derivatization of Standards and Samples
2.6.2. Chromatographic Conditions
2.7. Gold Leaching by Mixed Amino Acids
2.8. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Analysis
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Screening, Isolation, and Ability of Gold Bioleaching Bacteria
3.2. Effect of Medium Component on Gold Bioleaching from Ores
3.3. Influence of Amino Acids on Gold Bioleaching
3.4. FTIR Analysis for Functional Groups on Growth Supernatant of M. Caseolyticus and A. Calcoaceticus Involved in Gold Bioleaching
3.5. Comparison of Gold Bioleaching Efficiency by Growth Supernatant of Isolated Strains and Mixed Amino Acids
4. Conclusion
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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SiO2 | CaO | Al2O3 | MgO | Fe2O3 | K2O | SO3 | MnO | TiO2 | ZnO |
65 | 9.61 | 7.6 | 6.67 | 4.2 | 3.35 | 1.69 | 0.42 | 0.238 | 0.191 |
Na2O | P2O5 | BaO | PbO | CuO | V2O5 | Ag | SrO | Cr2O3 | Rb2O |
0.143 | 0.0942 | 0.0811 | 0.0437 | 0.0348 | 0.031 | 0.0269 | 0.0079 | 0.00722 | 0.00575 |
Amino Acid | Minimal Medium | Initial Growth Supernatant of M. caseolyticus (nmol) | Growth Supernatant of M. caseolyticus + Ores at Various Time | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Day 1 | Day 7 | Day 15 | Day 28 | |||
Aspartic acid | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Serine | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Glutamic acid | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Glycine | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Histidine | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Arginine | nd | 3.96 ± 5.21 | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Threonine | nd | 13.22 ± 10.11 | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Alanine | nd | 54.15 ± 39.52 | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Proline | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Cysteine | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Tyrosine | nd | 7.09 ± 3.19 | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Valine | nd | 11.89 ± 4.54 | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Methionine | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Lysine | nd | 3.68 ± 5.2 | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Isoleucine | nd | 7.71 ± 4.37 | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Leucine | nd | 11.38 ± 6.01 | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Phenylalanine | nd | 7.33 ± 4.56 | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Amino Acid | Ethanol Mineral Salt Medium | Initial Growth Supernatant of A. calcoaceticus (nmol) | Growth Supernatant of A. calcoaceticus + Ores at Various Time | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Day 1 | Day 7 | Day 15 | Day 28 | |||
Aspartic acid | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Serine | nd | 104.825 | nd | nd | 21.1 | 31.925 |
Glutamic acid | nd | 986.7 | 106.05 | 45.7 | 36.2 | 65.875 |
Glycine | nd | 356.15 | 81.325 | nd | 95.125 | 139.425 |
Histidine | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Arginine | nd | 110.525 | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Threonine | nd | 130.475 | 16.075 | nd | nd | nd |
Alanine | nd | 589.875 | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Proline | nd | 90.375 | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Cysteine | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Tyrosine | nd | 88.2 | 24.45 | 22.8 | nd | 35.15 |
Valine | nd | 286.2 | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Methionine | nd | 46.5 | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Lysine | nd | 125.725 | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Isoleucine | nd | 101.025 | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Leucine | nd | 121.125 | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Phenylalanine | nd | 110.85 | nd | nd | nd | nd |
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Kudpeng, K.; Thayanukul, P.; Thiravetyan, P. Bioleaching of Gold from Silicate Ore by Macrococcus caseolyticus and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus: Effect of Medium, Amino Acids and Growth Supernatant. Minerals 2021, 11, 580. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11060580
Kudpeng K, Thayanukul P, Thiravetyan P. Bioleaching of Gold from Silicate Ore by Macrococcus caseolyticus and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus: Effect of Medium, Amino Acids and Growth Supernatant. Minerals. 2021; 11(6):580. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11060580
Chicago/Turabian StyleKudpeng, Kanjana, Parinda Thayanukul, and Paitip Thiravetyan. 2021. "Bioleaching of Gold from Silicate Ore by Macrococcus caseolyticus and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus: Effect of Medium, Amino Acids and Growth Supernatant" Minerals 11, no. 6: 580. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11060580