Heterogeneous Distribution of Interlayer Cations and Iron as a Plausible Explanation of the Non-Exfoliation of Commercial Vermiculites Post Alcohol Treatment and Microwave Irradiation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Samples | Treatment | ||
---|---|---|---|
China | Libby | Alcohol | After Microwave Irradiation |
CME | LME | methanol | exfoliated |
CMN | LMN | no exfoliated | |
CEE | LEE | ethanol | exfoliated |
CEN | LEN | no exfoliated | |
CBE | LBE | butanol | exfoliated |
CBN | LBN | no exfoliated | |
CPE | LPE | propanol | exfoliated |
CPN | LPN | no exfoliated |
Samples | Alcohol Treatment Time | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 h | 1 day | 1 week | 1 month | |
CME | 71 | 98 | 83 | 72 |
CEE | 70 | 62 | 69 | 75 |
CPE | 34 | 40 | 24 | 60 |
CBE | 72 | 33 | 47 | 37 |
LME | 60 | 72 | 44 | 71 |
LEE | 100 | 100 | 67 | 68 |
LPE | 64 | 40 | 54 | 57 |
LBE | 77 | 75 | 90 | 57 |
Samples | Elements Weight % (Standard Deviation) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
O | Si | Mg | Al | K | Fe | Ca | Ti | |
CME | 50.2(0.7) | 19.3(0.5) | 16.4 (0.5) | 6.6(0.3) | 2.5(0.2) | 3.4(0.2) | 1.0(0.1) | 0.7(0.1) |
CMN | 44.9(0.6) | 20.4(0.4) | 16.7(0.4) | 6.7(0.3) | 5.1(0.2) | 4.3(0.2) | 1.4(0.1) | 0.7(0.1) |
CEE | 47.0(0.5) | 18.4(0.3) | 15.4(0.3) | 6.5(0.2) | 4.1(0.2) | 5.2(0.2) | 1.0(0.1) | 2.4(0.1) |
CEN | 49.9(0.8) | 19.7(0.5) | 16.2(0.5) | 6.8(0.4) | 2.8(0.2) | 3.4(0.3) | 0.8(0.2) | 0.6(0.1) |
CBE | 49.6(0.6) | 19.5(0.4) | 16.4(0.4) | 6.8(0.3) | 3.0(0.2) | 0.8(0.1) | 0.6(0.1) | 3.4(0.2) |
CBN | 49.6(0.4) | 19.3(0.3) | 16.2(0.3) | 6.7(0.2) | 3.3(0.1) | 0.9(0.1) | 0.6(0.1) | 3.4(0.1) |
CPE | 51.5(0.8) | 18.2(0.5) | 15.1(0.5) | 6.5(0.4) | 4.0(0.2) | 3.3(0.3) | 1.0(0.2) | 0.6(0.1) |
CPN | 43.5(0.1) | 21.7(0.1) | 17.6(0.1) | 7.3(0.1) | 4.2(0.0) | 3.8(0.0) | 1.0(0.0) | 0.8(0.0) |
LME | 47.1(1.4) | 19.0(0.9) | 14.3(0.8) | 7.0(0.7) | 4.3(0.5) | 6.5(0.6) | 0.8(0.3) | 0.7(0.3) |
LMN | 44.6(1.2) | 20.3(0.8) | 14.4(0.7) | 7.3(0.6) | 5.6(0.4) | 6.3(0.5) | 0.7(0.3) | 0.8(0.3) |
LEE | 45.2(1.9) | 19.4(1.2) | 14.0(1.1) | 7.4(0.9) | 6.0(0.7) | 6.5(0.8) | 0.7(0.4) | 0.8(0.4) |
LEN | 46.7(1.2) | 19.6(0.8) | 14.0(0.7) | 6.9(0.6) | 5.1(0.4) | 6.3(0.5) | 0.8(0.2) | 0.6(0.2) |
LBE | 46.9(1.9) | 19.1(1.2) | 13.8(1.1) | 7.0(0.8) | 4.4(0.6) | 6.4(0.8) | 1.2(0.4) | 0.8(0.4) |
LBN | 44.5(1.5) | 19.9(1.0) | 14.1(0.9) | 7.2(0.7) | 5.0(0.5) | 7.4(0.5) | 1.1(0.3) | 0.9(0.3) |
LPE | 37.8(0.7) | 22.0(0.5) | 14.8(0.5) | 7.6(0.4) | 5.7(0.3) | 9.6(0.4) | 1.6(0.2) | 0.9(0.1) |
LPN | 38.6(0.6) | 21.8(0.4) | 14.9(0.4) | 7.3(0.3) | 6.5(0.3) | 8.5(0.3) | 1.1(0.2) | 0.8(0.1) |
Samples | Water Content % | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Treatment | Untreated | |||
Alcohol + Microwave Irradiation | Microwave Irradiation | |||
C | - | - | 10.3 a | 12.3 a |
CM | 10.2 c | - | - | - |
CE | 12.1 c | - | - | - |
CB | 12.0 c | - | - | - |
CP | 11.9 c | - | - | - |
CME | - | 11.0 | - | - |
CMN | - | 12.1 | ||
CEE | - | 12.4 | ||
CEN | - | 10.7 | ||
CBE | - | 11.1 | ||
CBN | - | 12.1 | ||
CPE | - | 13.4 | ||
CPN | - | 11.5 | ||
L | - | - | 11.1 b | 11.3 |
LM | 7.9 d | - | - | - |
LE | 9.4 d | - | - | - |
LB | 8.2 d | - | - | - |
LP | 9.6 d | - | - | - |
LME | - | 11.2 | - | - |
LMN | - | 12.7 | ||
LEE | - | 13.0 | ||
LEN | - | 10.1 | ||
LBE | - | 11.3 | ||
LBN | - | 11.1 | ||
LPE | - | 15.0 | ||
LPN | - | 12.6 |
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Marcos, C.; del Río, Z.; Adawy, A. Heterogeneous Distribution of Interlayer Cations and Iron as a Plausible Explanation of the Non-Exfoliation of Commercial Vermiculites Post Alcohol Treatment and Microwave Irradiation. Minerals 2021, 11, 835. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11080835
Marcos C, del Río Z, Adawy A. Heterogeneous Distribution of Interlayer Cations and Iron as a Plausible Explanation of the Non-Exfoliation of Commercial Vermiculites Post Alcohol Treatment and Microwave Irradiation. Minerals. 2021; 11(8):835. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11080835
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcos, Celia, Zulema del Río, and Alaa Adawy. 2021. "Heterogeneous Distribution of Interlayer Cations and Iron as a Plausible Explanation of the Non-Exfoliation of Commercial Vermiculites Post Alcohol Treatment and Microwave Irradiation" Minerals 11, no. 8: 835. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11080835