Uranyl Minerals from Abandoned Podgórze Mine (Sudetes Mountains, SW Poland) and Their REE Content
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Uranyl Minerals from Podgórze Mine
3.1. Uranyl Arsenates
3.2. Uranyl Silicates
3.3. Uranyl Phosphates
3.4. Uranyl Carbonates
3.5. Uranyl Sulfates
3.6. Uranyl Oxide-Hydroxides
4. Rare Earth Elements in Secondary Uranium Minerals in Podgórze Mine
5. Thermodynamic Modeling of Uranyl Mineral Stability
6. Discussion
7. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mineral | Crystal Symmetry | Cell Parameters | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | b | c | α | β | ɣ | Volume (Å3) | ||
Uranospinite | Tetragonal | 7.158(8) | 7.158(8) | 20.498(8) | 90 | 90 | 90 | 1050.439(9) |
Nováčekite-II | Monoclinic | 7.182(4) | 6.969(5) | 20.209(3) | 90 | 86.535(6) | 90 | 1009.743(9) |
Heinrichite | Monoclinic | 7.163(5) | 7.132(5) | 21.298(2) | 90 | 104.188(2) | 90 | 1054.955(8) |
Zeunerite | Tetragonal | 7.167(3) | 7.167(3) | 20.879(7) | 90 | 90 | 90 | 1072.541(1) |
Sample | Compound (wt. %) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CaO | MgO | K2O | Na2O | Fe2O3 | CuO | UO3 | Al2O3 | SiO2 | P2O5 | As2O5 | H2O * | Total | ||
Pod19-01_01 | 4.61 | 0.11 | 0.31 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 57.17 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 21.69 | 17.45 | 101.43 | |
Pod19-01_02 | 5.26 | 0.08 | 0.21 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 63.19 | 0.01 | 0.23 | 0.01 | 22.22 | 15.05 | 106.26 | |
Pod19-01_03 | 5.23 | 0.01 | 0.16 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 56.76 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 23.97 | 14.58 | 100.77 | |
Pod19-01_04 | 4.70 | 0.06 | 0.21 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 55.71 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 23.76 | 14.29 | 98.77 | |
Pod19-01_05 | 3.66 | 0.19 | 0.47 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 56.80 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.36 | 21.37 | 17.27 | 100.18 | |
Pod19-01_06 | 4.45 | 0.09 | 0.31 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 56.84 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.33 | 20.17 | 17.01 | 99.26 | |
Pod19-01_07 | 4.29 | 0.06 | 0.35 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 56.19 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.29 | 20.93 | 17.10 | 99.35 | |
Pod19-01_08 | 2.50 | 0.17 | 2.07 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 57.86 | 0.10 | 0.68 | 0.51 | 19.29 | 17.18 | 100.45 | |
Pod19-01_09 | 4.90 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 59.23 | 0.00 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 21.20 | 14.29 | 100.44 | |
a.p.f.u. | ||||||||||||||
Ca2+ | Mg2+ | K+ | Na+ | Fe2+ | Cu2+ | Al3+ | ∑Cat. | SiO44− | PO43− | AsO43− | ∑Ani. | UO22+ | H | |
Pod19-01_01 | 0.85 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.95 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 1.95 | 1.96 | 2.06 | 20.00 |
Pod19-01_02 | 0.90 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.96 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 1.85 | 1.89 | 2.12 | 16.00 |
Pod19-01_03 | 0.92 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.96 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 2.06 | 2.07 | 1.96 | 16.00 |
Pod19-01_04 | 0.84 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.91 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 2.08 | 2.09 | 1.96 | 16.00 |
Pod19-01_05 | 0.68 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.83 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 1.94 | 2.00 | 2.07 | 20.00 |
Pod19-01_06 | 0.84 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.93 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 1.86 | 1.92 | 2.10 | 20.00 |
Pod19-01_07 | 0.81 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.91 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 1.92 | 1.97 | 2.07 | 19.99 |
Pod19-01_08 | 0.47 | 0.04 | 0.46 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.99 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 1.76 | 1.97 | 2.12 | 20.00 |
Pod19-01_09 | 0.88 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 1.86 | 1.91 | 2.09 | 16.00 |
Mineral | Crystal Symmetry | Cell Parameters | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | b | c | α | β | ɣ | Volume (Å3) | ||
Uranophane | Monoclinic | 6.679(8) | 7.042(5) | 15.955(1) | 90 | 97.304(6) | 90 | 744.4894(4) |
Uranophane β | Monoclinic | 6.647(6) | 15.485(4) | 13.970(3) | 90 | 91.434(9) | 90 | 1437.64(9) |
Sklodowskite | Monoclinic | 17.434(5) | 7.008(7) | 6.598(3) | 90 | 105.806(9) | 90 | 775.812(0) |
Sample | Compound (wt. %) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CaO | MgO | BaO | K2O | Fe2O3 | PbO | CuO | UO3 | Al2O3 | SiO2 | P2O5 | As2O5 | H2O * | Total | |
Pod19-37_07 | 6.25 | 0.12 | 0.00 | 0.23 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 68.33 | 0.00 | 15.25 | 0.05 | 1.65 | 10.30 | 102.30 |
Pod19-42_08 | 5.72 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.32 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 58.38 | 0.01 | 12.83 | 0.00 | 1.20 | 21.54 | 100.00 |
a.p.f.u. | ||||||||||||||
Ca2+ | Mg2+ | Ba2+ | K+ | Fe3+ | Cu2+ | Al3+ | ∑Cat. | UO22+ | SiO44− | PO43− | AsO43− | ∑Ani. | H | |
Pod19-37_07 | 0.97 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 1.05 | 2.08 | 2.21 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 2.34 | 5.40 |
Pod19-42_08 | 0.90 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.96 | 2.36 | 2.21 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 2.38 | 8.71 |
Mineral | Crystal Symmetry | Cell Parameters | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | b | c | α | β | ɣ | Volume (Å3) | ||
Autunite | Orthorhombic | 12.038(6) | 18.317(9) | 6.021(1) | 90 | 90 | 90 | 1320.542(4) |
Meta uranocircite | Monoclinic | 9.911(4) | 16.870(6) | 9.794(7) | 90 | 90.302(7) | 90 | 1637.759(9) |
Mineral | Crystal Symmetry | Cell Parameters | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | b | c | α | β | ɣ | Volume (Å3) | ||
Liebigite | Orthorhombic | 17.553(8) | 16.722(2) | 13.726(8) | 90 | 90 | 90 | 4029.352(3) |
Schröckeringite | Triclinic | 10.055(4) | 9.831(7) | 14.726(5) | 89.987(8) | 85.713(8) | 57.923(1) | 1228.829(9) |
Sample | Compound (wt. %) | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CaO | MgO | MnO | Na2O | K2O | Fe2O3 | PbO | CuO | UO3 | Al2O3 | SiO2 | SO3 | CO2 * | H2O * | F | Total | |||
Pod19-29_1 | 18.29 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 40.12 | 0.05 | 0.31 | 0.00 | 18.14 | 22.95 | 0.00 | 99.89 | ||
Pod19-29_2 | 16.77 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 44.07 | 0.00 | 0.25 | 0.00 | 18.14 | 20.48 | 0.00 | 99.89 | ||
Pod19-29_3 | 14.46 | 0.04 | 0.11 | 1.69 | 0.13 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 25.51 | 0.06 | 0.11 | 6.63 | 14.88 | 33.55 | 2.57 | 99.79 | ||
a.p.f.u | ||||||||||||||||||
Ca2+ | Mg2+ | Mn2+ | K+ | Na+ | Fe3+ | Cu2+ | Al3+ | ΣM+ | ΣM2+ | UO22+ | SiO44− | CO32− | ΣP1 | SO42− | ΣP2 | H | F | |
Pod19-29_1 | 2.56 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 2.59 | 0.73 | 0.04 | 2.37 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.41 | 20.01 | 0.00 |
Pod19-29_2 | 2.47 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.49 | 0.85 | 0.03 | 2.50 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.53 | 18.77 | 0.00 |
Pod19-29_3 | 1.93 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.40 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.42 | 2.35 | 0.66 | 0.01 | 2.49 | 2.49 | 0.63 | 0 | 27.45 | 0.95 |
Mineral | Crystal Symmetry | Cell Parameters | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | b | c | α | β | ɣ | Volume (Å3) | ||
Zippeite | Monoclinic | 8.745(7) | 13.955(5) | 17.687(0) | 90 | 104.065(1) | 90 | 2093.993(7) |
Rabejacite | Triclinic | 8.810(9) | 17.087(2) | 15.413(8) | 84.312(8) | 93.708(7) | 90.433(5) | 2304.358(2) |
Mineral | Crystal Symmetry | Cell Parameters | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | b | c | α | β | ɣ | Volume (Å3) | ||
Schoepite | Orthorhombic | 14.724(4) | 16.838(0) | 14.342(5) | 90 | 90 | 90 | 3555.938(8) |
Metaschoepite | Orthorhombic | 14.665(6) | 14.030(3) | 16.689(3) | 90 | 90 | 90 | 3434.019(3) |
Mineral | Trace Elements Concentration in Secondary Uranium Minerals (mg/kg) | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Y | Nb | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | |
Schröckengirite | 25.43 | 4.95 | 6.35 | 13.91 | 1.79 | 6.34 | 1.80 | 3.79 | 7.66 | < | 2.60 | < | 1.44 | < | 1.02 | < |
Schröckengirite | 12.18 | 2.01 | 5.38 | 11.82 | 1.55 | 5.32 | 1.38 | 3.50 | 2.77 | < | 1.69 | < | 0.81 | < | 0.66 | < |
Schröckengirite | 5.38 | 0.87 | 3.35 | 7.35 | 1.13 | 3.75 | 0.67 | 3.72 | 3.03 | < | 0.60 | < | 0.22 | < | 0.12 | < |
Schröckengirite | 6.21 | 0.44 | 2.69 | 5.79 | 1.24 | 4.19 | 0.70 | 3.64 | 3.45 | < | 1.02 | < | 0.49 | < | 0.34 | < |
Schröckengirite | 9.69 | 1.84 | 10.26 | 20.72 | 2.49 | 8.94 | 1.72 | 3.85 | 4.66 | < | 1.47 | < | 0.64 | < | 0.40 | < |
Liebigite | 3.67 | 0.54 | 2.28 | 4.93 | 0.62 | 2.05 | 0.50 | 2.32 | 1.62 | < | 0.57 | < | 0.26 | < | 0.19 | < |
Liebigite | 6.95 | 1.00 | 3.20 | 7.44 | 1.14 | 4.06 | 1.01 | 2.55 | 2.90 | < | 1.27 | < | 0.65 | < | 0.54 | < |
Nováčekite-II | 4.43 | 3.86 | 1.50 | 3.54 | 0.44 | 1.30 | 0.26 | 1.86 | 1.56 | < | 0.31 | < | 0.16 | < | 0.23 | < |
Nováčekite-II | 4.96 | 2.52 | 1.31 | 3.00 | 0.31 | 0.91 | 0.20 | 1.49 | 1.00 | < | 0.32 | < | 0.21 | < | 0.32 | < |
Uranophane-β | 141.61 | 0.25 | 28.64 | 99.57 | 17.88 | 63.24 | 19.70 | 5.09 | 18.25 | 3.62 | 24.96 | 4.41 | 14.30 | 2.16 | 16.16 | 1.98 |
Uranophane-β | 358.85 | 1.28 | 90.80 | 373.63 | 50.44 | 198.47 | 50.44 | 11.84 | 54.17 | 8.61 | 51.35 | 9.17 | 28.94 | 3.32 | 22.13 | 2.35 |
Uranophane | 884.63 | 4.61 | 100.04 | 312.92 | 78.36 | 349.52 | 138.72 | 14.45 | 125.78 | 40.28 | 282.86 | 54.47 | 159.23 | 27.53 | 182.62 | 19.94 |
Uranophane | 116.51 | 2.82 | 48.61 | 154.31 | 18.25 | 66.83 | 19.71 | 8.54 | 24.29 | 4.40 | 32.18 | 5.46 | 17.74 | 2.63 | 19.08 | 1.89 |
Uranophane | 1043.23 | 24.24 | 100.31 | 770.46 | 95.53 | 338.58 | 164.67 | 13.36 | 135.16 | 34.68 | 192.25 | 30.29 | 76.41 | 10.92 | 69.59 | 7.91 |
Uranospinite | 7.08 | 8.01 | 2.05 | 4.75 | 0.73 | 2.24 | 0.56 | 2.81 | 1.25 | < | 0.89 | < | 0.47 | < | 0.59 | < |
Uranospinite | 6.72 | 6.01 | 3.43 | 6.66 | 0.63 | 1.59 | 0.35 | 2.56 | 1.21 | < | 0.51 | < | 0.29 | < | 0.44 | < |
Schoepite | 41.20 | 3.38 | 11.68 | 37.80 | 4.44 | 16.76 | 5.98 | 3.69 | 7.35 | 1.21 | 8.22 | 1.19 | 4.00 | 0.54 | 3.87 | 0.38 |
Autunite | 4116.91 | 24.24 | 120.77 | 1139.22 | 226.40 | 1117.34 | 583.41 | 39.66 | 516.98 | 158.55 | 1105.73 | 210.03 | 612.67 | 94.98 | 627.74 | 69.52 |
Autunite | 292.82 | 3.85 | 33.20 | 158.15 | 21.47 | 98.29 | 42.45 | 5.43 | 41.83 | 10.83 | 74.59 | 14.11 | 41.65 | 6.38 | 42.59 | 4.80 |
Zeunerite | 5.14 | 2.67 | 5.56 | 11.42 | 0.95 | 3.15 | 0.75 | 2.60 | 2.29 | < | 0.83 | < | 0.38 | < | 0.44 | < |
Heinrichite | 20.86 | 20.23 | 6.46 | 18.50 | 2.45 | 9.03 | 2.90 | 4.69 | 4.03 | 0.33 | 3.72 | 0.25 | 2.02 | 0.27 | 2.79 | 0.21 |
Parameter | Concentration | |
---|---|---|
Conductivity | mS/m | 8.5 |
pH | −log[H+] | 6.6 |
F− | mg/L | 0.065 |
Cl− | mg/L | 1.23 |
AsO42− ** | mg/L | 10 |
SO42− | mg/L | 13.6 |
NO3− | mg/L | 1.86 |
PO43− | mg/L | <0.2 |
HCO3− | mg/L | 48.8 |
Na+ | mg/L | 1.78 |
K+ | mg/L | 0.72 |
Ca2+ | mg/L | 11.2 |
Mg2+ | mg/L | 2.83 |
Fetot | mg/L | <0.005 |
Mn2+ | mg/L | <0.005 |
Si | mg/L | 5.03 |
Al3+ | mg/L | <0.05 |
Ti | mg/L | <0.005 |
Ba2+ | mg/L | 0.028 |
Sr2+ | mg/L | 0.035 |
Cu2+ | mg/L | <0.01 |
Zn | mg/L | <0.005 |
Pb | µg/L | 0.22 |
Th | µg/L | <0.010 |
U | µg/L | 16.64 |
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Syczewski, M.D.; Siuda, R.; Rohovec, J.; Matoušková, Š.; Parafiniuk, J. Uranyl Minerals from Abandoned Podgórze Mine (Sudetes Mountains, SW Poland) and Their REE Content. Minerals 2022, 12, 307. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12030307
Syczewski MD, Siuda R, Rohovec J, Matoušková Š, Parafiniuk J. Uranyl Minerals from Abandoned Podgórze Mine (Sudetes Mountains, SW Poland) and Their REE Content. Minerals. 2022; 12(3):307. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12030307
Chicago/Turabian StyleSyczewski, Marcin Daniel, Rafał Siuda, Jan Rohovec, Šárka Matoušková, and Jan Parafiniuk. 2022. "Uranyl Minerals from Abandoned Podgórze Mine (Sudetes Mountains, SW Poland) and Their REE Content" Minerals 12, no. 3: 307. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12030307