Genesis of the Tangshang Au Deposit in Southeast Yunnan Province, China: Constraints from In Situ Chemical and S-Sr Isotope Analyses
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geological Background
2.1. Regional Geology
2.2. Deposit Geology
3. Samples and Analytical Methods
3.1. Sample Preparation
3.2. LA-ICP-MS Major and Trace Element Analyses
3.3. In Situ Sulfur Isotope Analysis
3.4. In Situ Strontium Isotope Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Occurrence and Texture of Pyrite and Arsenopyrite
4.1.1. Py1
4.1.2. Py2
4.1.3. Py3
4.1.4. Py4
4.2. Composition of Pyrite
4.2.1. Major Elements in Pyrite Determined Using LA-ICP-MS
4.2.2. Trace Elements of Pyrite Determined Using LA-ICP-MS
4.3. Sulfur Isotope Ratios of Pyrite and Arsenopyrite
4.4. In Situ Trace and Rare Earth Element Compositions of Calcite
4.4.1. Trace Elements in Calcite
4.4.2. REEs in Calcite
4.5. Strontium Isotope Ratios of Calcite
5. Discussion
5.1. Occurrence of Au in the Deposit
5.2. Implications for the Origin of Au
5.3. REE Characteristics
5.4. Source of Strontium and Au-Bearing Fluids
5.5. Ore Deposit Genesis
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pyrite Type | Spot No. | S (wt. %) | Fe (wt. %) | As (wt. %) | Ti (ppm) | Co (ppm) | Ni (ppm) | Cu (ppm) | Total (wt. %) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Py1 | TS-3-01-04 | 34.8 | 55.1 | 4.7 | 5.9 | 9.9 | 8.9 | 30.7 | 94.6 |
TS-3-01-06 | 35.4 | 55.0 | 4.4 | 7.1 | 5.7 | 4.6 | 30.9 | 94.8 | |
TS-3-01-10 | 33.0 | 58.3 | 4.1 | 5.3 | 25.8 | 29.7 | 23.3 | 95.4 | |
Py2 | TS5-2-05-03 | 34.1 | 55.8 | 4.3 | 517 | 247 | 447 | 88 | 94.4 |
TS5-2-05-06 | 36.2 | 49.4 | 6.5 | 2298 | 43 | 65 | 102 | 92.4 | |
TS5-2-05-08 | 38.5 | 51.3 | 4.5 | 1489 | 60 | 171 | 24 | 93.8 | |
TS5-2-05-09 | 41.8 | 47.0 | 4.9 | 1702 | 192 | 393 | 32 | 93.8 | |
TS3-2-03-03 | 35.1 | 54.6 | 4.2 | 817 | 986 | 1598 | 43 | 94.8 | |
TS-3-01-08 | 33.8 | 53.8 | 5.8 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 21.2 | 44 | 93.8 | |
TS-3-01-01 | 31.2 | 54.6 | 6.3 | 17.5 | 1199 | 310 | 71 | 92.5 | |
Py3 | TS5-2-05-04 | 34.1 | 54.8 | 5.0 | 3.0 | 142 | 252 | 92 | 94.2 |
TS5-2-05-05 | 37.5 | 52.7 | 4.4 | 153 | 257 | 664 | 16.8 | 94.5 | |
TS5-2-05-07 | 39.7 | 50.7 | 4.4 | 6.7 | 19.5 | 61 | 10.8 | 94.8 | |
TS3-2-03-04 | 37.8 | 51.5 | 4.9 | 636 | 196 | 294 | 20.1 | 94.1 | |
TS3-2-03-07 | 37.6 | 53.6 | 4.0 | 594 | 158 | 375 | 11.2 | 95.1 | |
TS3-2-03-08 | 35.8 | 54.9 | 4.3 | 171 | 357 | 759 | 14.9 | 95.1 | |
TS-3-01-07 | 34.6 | 54.5 | 5.0 | 5.3 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 41 | 94.1 | |
Py4 | TS-3-01-05 | 31.8 | 58.5 | 4.5 | 5.6 | 20.6 | 40 | 89 | 94.8 |
TS-3-01-09 | 33.5 | 57.4 | 4.3 | 4.7 | 5.2 | 4.2 | 14.3 | 95.2 |
Pyrite Type | Spot No. | Co | Ni | Cu | Sb | Ti | Au | Tl | W | V |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Py1 | TS-3-01-04 | 9.9 | 8.8 | 30.7 | 9.4 | 5.8 | 5.1 | bdl | bdl | bdl |
TS-3-01-06 | 5.7 | 4.6 | 30.8 | 2.7 | 7.0 | 3.9 | bdl | bdl | bdl | |
TS-3-01-10 | 25.7 | 29.7 | 23.3 | bdl | 5.2 | 4.1 | bdl | bdl | bdl | |
Py2 | TS5-2-05-03 | 247 | 447 | 88.3 | 50.9 | 517 | 12.2 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 7.9 |
TS5-2-05-06 | 43.3 | 65.1 | 102 | 32.3 | 2298 | 38.1 | bdl | 6.2 | 25.4 | |
TS5-2-05-08 | 60.9 | 171 | 24.0 | 111 | 1489 | 16.6 | bdl | 6.5 | 19.1 | |
TS5-2-05-09 | 192 | 393 | 32.6 | 33.5 | 1702 | 13.2 | bdl | 9.3 | 17.7 | |
TS3-2-03-03 | 986 | 1598 | 43.6 | 130 | 817 | 6.4 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 9.1 | |
TS-3-01-08 | 4.0 | 21.1 | 44.9 | 13.6 | 4.4 | 4.8 | bdl | bdl | bdl | |
TS-03-01-01 | 1,199 | 310 | 71.0 | 117 | 17.5 | 5.5 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.9 | |
Py3 | TS5-2-05-04 | 142 | 252 | 92.1 | 6.3 | 3.0 | 23.6 | bdl | bdl | bdl |
TS5-2-05-05 | 257 | 664 | 16.8 | 3.2 | 153 | 8.4 | bdl | 0.5 | 1.3 | |
TS5-2-05-07 | 19.5 | 61.7 | 10.8 | 25.3 | 636 | 5.9 | bdl | bdl | bdl | |
TS3-2-03-04 | 196 | 294 | 20.1 | 58.6 | 594 | 6.8 | 0.3 | 6.7 | 10.4 | |
TS3-2-03-07 | 158 | 375 | 11.2 | 63.1 | 171 | 3.6 | bdl | 6.4583 | 6.3 | |
TS3-2-03-08 | 357 | 759 | 14.9 | 80.6 | 5.3 | 4.4 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 4.9 | |
TS-3-01-07 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 41.7 | 95.5 | 5.6 | 3.0 | 1.3 | bdl | bdl | |
Py4 | TS-3-01-05 | 20.6 | 40.9 | 89.7 | 343.4 | 4.7 | 6.6 | 3.2 | bdl | bdl |
TS-3-01-09 | 5.2 | 4.2 | 14.3 | 1.2 | 5.8 | 3.1 | bdl | bdl | 0.2 |
Types | Stages | Spot No. | δ34SV-CDT (‰) |
---|---|---|---|
Apy1 | Early-ore stage | TS-5-2-05-1 | 11.29 |
TS-3-1-05-1 | 11.59 | ||
TS-3-1-05-2 | 11.25 | ||
Py1 | Early-ore stage | TS-5-2-05-2 | 11.71 |
TS-5-2-05-4 | 12.05 | ||
TS-5-2-05-5 | 11.78 | ||
TS-3-1-05-3 | 11.91 | ||
TS-3-1-05-4 | 11.76 | ||
TS-3-1-05-6 | 12.21 | ||
TS-3-1-05-7 | 12.64 | ||
TS-3-1-02-12 | 12.06 | ||
Apy2 | Main-ore stage | TS-3-1-02-1 | 8.39 |
TS-3-1-02-5 | 7.41 | ||
TS-3-1-02-7 | 5.39 | ||
TS-3-1-02-11 | 10.08 | ||
TS-3-1-02-13 | 8.92 | ||
Py2 | Main-ore stage | TS-3-1-02-2 | 7.75 |
TS-3-1-02-3 | 7.66 | ||
TS-3-1-02-4 | 8.19 | ||
TS-3-1-02-6 | 7.40 | ||
TS-3-1-02-10 | 9.89 | ||
Py3 | Late-ore stage | TS-5-2-05-3 | 11.60 |
TS-3-1-05-5 | 9.98 | ||
TS-3-1-05-8 | 11.79 | ||
TS-3-1-02-9 | 11.05 | ||
Py4 | Late-ore stage | TS-3-1-02-8 | 10.59 |
Spot No. | Mn | Fe | Sr | Na | P | Cr | Ba | K | Al | Rb |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TS-2-01 | 2857 | 1695 | 452 | 23.7 | 38.7 | 3.5 | 3.9 | bdl | 0.4 | bdl |
TS-2-02 | 2714 | 1617 | 561 | 23.6 | 35.0 | 3.9 | 2.4 | 1.1 | bdl | 0.02 |
TS-2-03 | 1679 | 925 | 402 | 10.7 | 21.8 | 5.1 | 1.4 | bdl | 0.7 | 0.06 |
TS-2-04 | 2720 | 1373 | 506 | bdl | 31.4 | 6.1 | 18.9 | 0.1 | 3.2 | bdl |
TS-2-05 | 2239 | 1383 | 505 | bdl | 31.4 | 6.3 | 1.8 | bdl | 1.0 | bdl |
TS-2-06 | 1961 | 1263 | 606 | 47.8 | 26.2 | 4.5 | 3.2 | 1.9 | 0.5 | bdl |
TS-2-07 | 3836 | 2040 | 640 | 16.8 | 27.4 | 12.3 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 0.7 | bdl |
TS-2-08 | 2714 | 2060 | 740 | 31.7 | 19.2 | 3.4 | 4.7 | 1.6 | 0.2 | bdl |
TS-2-09 | 3425 | 2270 | 876 | bdl | 32.0 | 4.7 | 4.1 | 1.7 | 0.1 | bdl |
TS-2-10 | 1797 | 1343 | 362 | bdl | 31.2 | 4.3 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 3.4 | bdl |
Spot No. | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | LREE | HREE | Ce/Ce* | Eu/Eu* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TS-2-01 | 1.8 | 5.1 | 0.7 | 3.9 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.3 | bdl | 0.3 | bdl | 13.3 | 2.6 | 1.06 | 2.18 |
TS-2-02 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.2 | bdl | 0.2 | bdl | 3.0 | 1.5 | 1.04 | 0.90 |
TS-2-03 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.2 | bdl | 0.2 | bdl | 1.1 | 1.3 | 0.91 | 0.85 |
TS-2-04 | 1.8 | 5.4 | 0.8 | 4.6 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 1.4 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 14.3 | 4.5 | 1.03 | 1.17 |
TS-2-05 | 0.5 | 1.4 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.3 | bdl | 0.4 | 0.1 | 3.9 | 2.2 | 0.99 | 0.77 |
TS-2-06 | 5.2 | 12.7 | 1.7 | 8.4 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 45.7 | 4.5 | 1.00 | 2.46 |
TS-2-07 | 1.4 | 4.4 | 0.7 | 3.9 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 12.3 | 3.5 | 1.06 | 1.70 |
TS-2-08 | 1.4 | 3.2 | 0.4 | 2.0 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | bdl | 0.1 | bdl | 8.1 | 1.2 | 0.97 | 2.99 |
TS-2-09 | 1.0 | 3.2 | 0.5 | 3.1 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 9.5 | 3.3 | 1.02 | 1.53 |
TS-2-10 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | bdl | 2.6 | 1.3 | 1.02 | 1.63 |
Ave. | 1.4 | 3.8 | 0.5 | 3.0 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 | bdl | 10.0 | 2.4 | 1.01 | 1.62 |
Spot No. | 87Rb/86Sr | 2σ | 87Sr/86Sr | 2σ |
---|---|---|---|---|
TS-2-01 | 0.00002 | 0.00003 | 0.70571 | 0.00014 |
TS-2-02 | 0.00012 | 0.00004 | 0.70591 | 0.00019 |
TS-2-03 | 0.00000 | 0.00006 | 0.70587 | 0.00026 |
TS-2-04 | 0.00001 | 0.00005 | 0.70592 | 0.00025 |
TS-2-05 | 0.00003 | 0.00006 | 0.70572 | 0.00028 |
TS-2-06 | 0.00005 | 0.00007 | 0.70557 | 0.00026 |
TS-2-07 | 0.00002 | 0.00006 | 0.70563 | 0.00022 |
TS-2-08 | 0.00003 | 0.00003 | 0.70567 | 0.00012 |
TS-2-09 | 0.00000 | 0.00003 | 0.70590 | 0.00017 |
TS-2-10 | 0.00001 | 0.00004 | 0.70622 | 0.00019 |
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Song, W.; Wu, P.; Liu, J.; Li, J.; Wang, Z.; Tan, Q.; Xie, Z.; Zheng, L. Genesis of the Tangshang Au Deposit in Southeast Yunnan Province, China: Constraints from In Situ Chemical and S-Sr Isotope Analyses. Minerals 2022, 12, 806. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12070806
Song W, Wu P, Liu J, Li J, Wang Z, Tan Q, Xie Z, Zheng L. Genesis of the Tangshang Au Deposit in Southeast Yunnan Province, China: Constraints from In Situ Chemical and S-Sr Isotope Analyses. Minerals. 2022; 12(7):806. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12070806
Chicago/Turabian StyleSong, Weifang, Pan Wu, Jianzhong Liu, Junhai Li, Zepeng Wang, Qinping Tan, Zhuojun Xie, and Lulin Zheng. 2022. "Genesis of the Tangshang Au Deposit in Southeast Yunnan Province, China: Constraints from In Situ Chemical and S-Sr Isotope Analyses" Minerals 12, no. 7: 806. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12070806