In Situ LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Geochronology, Sr-Nd-Hf Isotope and Trace Element Analysis of Volcanic Rocks from the Gacun Volcanic-Hosted Massive Sulfide Deposit in Sichuan, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geological Setting and Ore Geology
3. Samples and Analytical Methods
3.1. Sampling
3.2. Major and Trace Element Analyses
3.3. Zircon U-Pb Dating
3.4. Zircon Lu–Hf Isotopic Analyses
3.5. Whole-Rock Sr-Nd Isotopic Analyses
4. Results
4.1. Whole-Rock Major and Trace Element Compositions
4.2. U-Pb Zircon Chronology
4.2.1. Fresh Andesite and Rhyolite Samples from the Periphery of Gacun Deposit
4.2.2. Rhyolite from Different Locations of Mineralized Zones
4.3. Zircon Hf Isotope
4.3.1. Fresh Andesite and Rhyolite Samples from the Periphery of Gacun Deposit
4.3.2. Samples from Different Locations of Mineralized Zones
4.4. Sr–Nd Isotopic Systematics
5. Discussion
5.1. The Eruption Timing of the Volcanic Rocks from the Gacun Deposit
5.2. Nature of the Magma Source and the Petrogenesis of Volcanic Rocks from Gacun Deposit
5.3. Ore-Bearing Rock Series and Magmatic Evolution Sequence
6. Conclusions
- (1)
- Using the zircon U-Pb age data obtained in this paper, we define the Gacun magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization sequence of events: At 238 Ma, arc magmatism led to the formation of andesite in the eastern part of the Gacun deposit. At 233 Ma, the ore-bearing rhyolite series formed. At 221 Ma, sub-volcanic intrusion occurred, forming a lava dome, which was located below the ore-bearing rhyolitic volcanic rocks. The lava dome acted as a thermal engine and promoted hydrothermal circulation. The hydrothermal activity reached a peak at 217 ± 1 Ma, and the Gacun VHMS deposit was formed.
- (2)
- The trace element geochemical and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic characteristics suggest that different components were involved in the generation of the parental magmas of the volcanic rocks in the Northern Yidun arc, including melts generated via subducting sediments and components from lower crust generated via contamination, of which the lithospheric mantle is the dominant component.
- (3)
- Using geochemistry, whole-rock Sr-Nd isotopic analyses and in situ zircon Hf isotopic tests elucidated the source of magma and the evolution process of the Gacun deposit. The study indicates that the Yidun island arc is based on ancient continental crust. Calc-alkaline basaltic magma may have occurred via MASH processes at the bottom of the crust, and andesitic magma was formed. Part of the element became andesite, and the remaining part was mixed with acidic magma produced via anatexis of ancient crust, forming the ore-bearing rhyolite of the Gacun deposit.
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Wang, K.; Yang, D.; Hou, K.-J.; Wang, Q. In Situ LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Geochronology, Sr-Nd-Hf Isotope and Trace Element Analysis of Volcanic Rocks from the Gacun Volcanic-Hosted Massive Sulfide Deposit in Sichuan, China. Minerals 2023, 13, 881. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13070881
Wang K, Yang D, Hou K-J, Wang Q. In Situ LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Geochronology, Sr-Nd-Hf Isotope and Trace Element Analysis of Volcanic Rocks from the Gacun Volcanic-Hosted Massive Sulfide Deposit in Sichuan, China. Minerals. 2023; 13(7):881. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13070881
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Kun, Dan Yang, Ke-Jun Hou, and Qian Wang. 2023. "In Situ LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Geochronology, Sr-Nd-Hf Isotope and Trace Element Analysis of Volcanic Rocks from the Gacun Volcanic-Hosted Massive Sulfide Deposit in Sichuan, China" Minerals 13, no. 7: 881. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13070881