Energy Efficiency of Microwave-Induced Heating of Crushed Rocks/Ores
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Materials and Methods
2.1.1. Material Properties
2.1.2. Microwave Treatment
2.2. Numerical Modelling
- The domain was source-free;
- The initial electric field and magnetic flux density were set to zero (E0 and B0);
- The initial temperature of the samples and cavity before microwave exposure () was set to 293.15 K (20 °C);
- The rock/ore was isotropic and homogeneous;
- The time-harmonic Maxwell’s equations were solved owing to the periodicity of the electromagnetic field (TE10 excitation mode);
- The waveguide and cavity surfaces were considered perfect electric conductors;
- Heat dissipation to the encompassing domain was considered by incorporating convective heat transfer boundary conditions.
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Size Fraction (mm) | Weight (wt.%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Sample 1 | Sample 2 | Sample 3 | Sample 4 | |
−31.5 +26.5 | 20.82 | 20.45 | 20.58 | 20.49 |
−26.5 +19.0 | 34.19 | 34.99 | 34.70 | 34.45 |
−19.0 +12.5 | 26.36 | 26.12 | 26.09 | 26.40 |
−12.5 +9.5 | 10.26 | 10.26 | 10.19 | 10.30 |
−9.5 +6.7 | 8.37 | 8.18 | 8.44 | 8.36 |
Diameter (mm) | Length (mm) | Mass (g) | Room Temperature Density (g/cc) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Initial values | 3.23 ± 0.05 | 12.69 ± 0.10 | 0.299 ± 0.002 | 2.88 ± 0.10 |
Final values | 3.23 ± 0.05 | 12.66 ± 0.10 | 0.296 ± 0.002 | 2.85 ± 0.10 |
Property | Value |
---|---|
Thermal conductivity, [W/m °C] | 1.59 |
Density, [kg/m3] | 2870 |
Heat capacity, [J/kg °C] | 798 |
Relative permeability, [1] | 1 |
Electrical conductivity, [S/m] | 0.00005 |
Mesh Size (mm) | Resistive Loss (W) |
---|---|
0.88 | 8850.3 |
0.53 | 11,325.3 |
0.34 | 10,785.2 |
0.25 | 10,908.9 |
0.22 | 11,015.7 |
0.17 | 10,503.4 |
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Shadi, A.; Samea, P.; Rabiei, M.; Ghoreishi-Madiseh, S.A. Energy Efficiency of Microwave-Induced Heating of Crushed Rocks/Ores. Minerals 2023, 13, 924. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13070924
Shadi A, Samea P, Rabiei M, Ghoreishi-Madiseh SA. Energy Efficiency of Microwave-Induced Heating of Crushed Rocks/Ores. Minerals. 2023; 13(7):924. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13070924
Chicago/Turabian StyleShadi, Amin, Parham Samea, Mahdi Rabiei, and Seyed Ali Ghoreishi-Madiseh. 2023. "Energy Efficiency of Microwave-Induced Heating of Crushed Rocks/Ores" Minerals 13, no. 7: 924. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13070924