Exploring the High-Pressure Phases of Carbon through X-ray Diffraction of Dynamic Compression Experiments on Sandia’s Z Pulsed Power Facility
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Dynamic Compression Concepts
2.2. Pulsed Power Dynamic Compression
2.3. Z-XRD Diagnostics
2.3.1. Spherical Crystal Diffraction Imager (SCDI)
2.3.2. DIffraction SCintillator Optic (DISCO)
- “front-end”, passive X-ray-to-optical light converter (scintillator) and optical light collection optics (lenses);
- “imaging-fiber-cable”, passive imaging fiber bundle to transport the data out of the harsh environment;
- “back-end”, camera coupling optics (lenses) that can be attached to a commercial-off-the-shelf time-gated camera.
3. Results
3.1. Ambient Calibrations
3.2. Z-XRD Experiments
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Z Shot Number | Al Flyer Impact Velocity (km/s) | Impact Shock Pressure (GPa) | X-ray Window | Sample/X-ray Window Shock Pressure (GPa) | X-ray Diagnostic |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Z3524 | 9.5 | 150 | carbon | 150 | SCDI |
Z3717 | 10.6 | 180 | beryllium | 150 | DISCO |
Z3710 | 15.0 | 320 | carbon | 320 | DISCO |
Material | C (km/s) | S |
---|---|---|
Aluminum | 5.288 | 1.376 |
Carbon graphite | 4.260 | 2.170 |
Carbon diamond | 18.33 | 2.070 |
Beryllium | 7.998 | 1.124 |
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Ao, T.; Kalita, P.; Blada, C.; Brown, N.P.; Fulford, K.; Gard, P.; Geissel, M.; Hanshaw, H.; Montoya, M.; Payne, S.; et al. Exploring the High-Pressure Phases of Carbon through X-ray Diffraction of Dynamic Compression Experiments on Sandia’s Z Pulsed Power Facility. Minerals 2023, 13, 1203. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13091203
Ao T, Kalita P, Blada C, Brown NP, Fulford K, Gard P, Geissel M, Hanshaw H, Montoya M, Payne S, et al. Exploring the High-Pressure Phases of Carbon through X-ray Diffraction of Dynamic Compression Experiments on Sandia’s Z Pulsed Power Facility. Minerals. 2023; 13(9):1203. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13091203
Chicago/Turabian StyleAo, Tommy, Pat Kalita, Caroline Blada, Nathan P. Brown, Karin Fulford, Paul Gard, Matthias Geissel, Heath Hanshaw, Michael Montoya, Sheri Payne, and et al. 2023. "Exploring the High-Pressure Phases of Carbon through X-ray Diffraction of Dynamic Compression Experiments on Sandia’s Z Pulsed Power Facility" Minerals 13, no. 9: 1203. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13091203