Mineralogical Constraints on the Pressure–Temperature Evolution of Granulites in the Bunger Hills, East Antarctica
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geological Setting
3. Materials and Methods
4. Results
4.1. Petrography
4.1.1. Garnet–Sillimanite and Garnet–Sillimanite–Cordierite Gneiss (Samples 2a, 11a, 35, 55, 67)
4.1.2. Garnet–Cordierite Gneiss (Samples 75, 78)
4.1.3. Garnet–Orthopyroxene (±Cordierite) Gneiss (Samples 15, 61, 63, 87, 116)
4.2. Mineral Chemistry
4.2.1. Major Elements
Garnet–Sillimanite and Garnet–Sillimanite–Cordierite Gneiss
Garnet–Cordierite Gneiss
Garnet–Orthopyroxene–Cordierite Gneiss
4.2.2. Trace Elements
4.3. Mineral Thermobarometry
4.3.1. Al Solubility in Orthopyroxene
4.3.2. Ternary Feldspar Geothermometry
4.3.3. Ti-in-Quartz Geothermometry
4.3.4. Fe-Ti Oxide Solvus Geothermometry
4.4. Phase Equilibrium Modeling
Isochemical Diagrams
5. Discussion
5.1. Mineral Evidence for a Two-Phase Metamorphic History
5.2. P-T Evolution and Tectonic Setting
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | 2a | 11a | 15 | 35 | 55 | 61 | 63 | 67 | 75 | 78 | 87 | 116 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rock | GSC | GSC | GOC | GSC | GSC | GOC | GOC | GSC | GC | GC | GOC | GOC |
SiO2 | 70.22 | 64.18 | 70.62 | 52.94 | 55.99 | 48.57 | 68.77 | 65.83 | 65.51 | 61.13 | 68.82 | 69.82 |
TiO2 | 1.03 | 0.92 | 0.54 | 2.43 | 1.22 | 1.12 | 0.52 | 0.68 | 1.06 | 1.00 | 0.56 | 0.36 |
Al2O3 | 12.89 | 16.39 | 12.43 | 19.19 | 17.98 | 23.69 | 14.28 | 15.34 | 15.12 | 16.46 | 12.30 | 14.95 |
Fe2O3 | 0.06 | 1.13 | 3.77 | 8.97 | 3.63 | 3.31 | 2.82 | 2.63 | 2.24 | 4.01 | 3.62 | 1.35 |
FeO | 8.07 | 5.97 | 2.74 | 8.57 | 6.55 | 6.05 | 2.67 | 2.74 | 7.14 | 7.62 | 4.65 | 1.95 |
MnO | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0.06 | 0.21 | 0.30 | 0.34 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.26 | 0.21 | 0.26 | 0.06 |
MgO | 3.12 | 3.07 | 3.32 | 2.49 | 4.32 | 8.28 | 3.03 | 2.44 | 3.56 | 3.57 | 1.51 | 1.00 |
CaO | 0.30 | 1.19 | 0.99 | 1.02 | 2.09 | 2.83 | 1.10 | 1.18 | 0.98 | 1.15 | 3.16 | 1.76 |
Na2O | 0.25 | 0.94 | 2.80 | 0.50 | 2.34 | 2.65 | 2.31 | 2.46 | 1.11 | 1.19 | 2.81 | 3.06 |
K2O | 1.75 | 3.82 | 1.63 | 2.49 | 3.89 | 2.11 | 3.33 | 5.61 | 1.41 | 2.07 | 1.45 | 5.17 |
P2O5 | 0.18 | 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.25 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.26 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.18 |
LOI | 1.93 | 1.98 | 0.70 | 1.19 | 0.99 | 0.79 | 0.68 | 0.82 | 1.33 | 1.22 | 0.66 | 0.04 |
Total | 99.93 | 99.94 | 99.69 | 100.24 | 99.49 | 99.91 | 99.83 | 100.00 | 99.90 | 99.79 | 99.96 | 99.69 |
Sample | 15 | 15 | 63 | 63 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Analysis | 1 | 2 | 10 | 11 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
Li | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.24 | 0.74 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.40 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 0.04 |
Na | 10.1 | 10.4 | 132 | 1460 | 104 | 131 | 259 | 8.42 | 7.60 | 4.54 | 15.9 |
Al | 88.0 | 61.4 | 131 | 140 | 177 | 132 | 125 | 23.7 | 22.9 | 33.4 | 78.9 |
K | 9.44 | 7.80 | 70.5 | 957 | 143 | 296 | 307 | 20.0 | 26.7 | 21.0 | 62.2 |
Ti | 165 | 154 | 108 | 173 | 264 | 280 | 245 | 244 | 221 | 155 | 223 |
Mn | 0.33 | 0.24 | 0.43 | 1.32 | 2.65 | 1.78 | 1.79 | 0.55 | 0.63 | 0.69 | 1.25 |
Fe | 76.6 | 36.4 | 114 | 1467 | 609 | 1257 | 439 | 57.0 | 65.6 | 64.4 | 162.7 |
Rb | 0.04 | 0.04 | 1.15 | 1.87 | 0.49 | 0.99 | 0.92 | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.23 | 0.26 |
Sr | 0.05 | 0.02 | 1.10 | 0.57 | 0.21 | 0.50 | 0.61 | 0.20 | 0.23 | 0.19 | 0.19 |
Ba | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.24 | 0.73 | 0.36 | 0.98 | 1.01 | 0.14 | 0.52 | 0.23 | 0.17 |
TT10, °C | 720–745 | 710–735 | 670–695 | 725–750 | 775–800 | 785–810 | 765–790 | 765–790 | 755–780 | 710–735 | 755–780 |
THA12, °C | 905–925 | 895–910 | 845–860 | 910–930 | 975–1000 | 985–1010 | 965–985 | 965–985 | 950–970 | 895–915 | 950–970 |
Sample | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 61 | 61 | 61 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mineral | Grt | Grt | Grt | Opx | Opx | Grt * | Grt * | Opx * |
Analysis | 1(r) | 2(c) | 3(r) | 4 | 5 | 12(r) | 13(c) | 14 |
Ti | 140 | 136 | 112 | 7676 | 1020 | 205 | 227 | 803 |
V | 55.1 | 63.6 | 59.6 | 136 | 113 | 83.7 | 83.5 | 245 |
Y | 1036 | 1410 | 1652 | 17.2 | 15.9 | 116 | 139 | 0.76 |
Zr | 40.6 | 20.2 | 15.0 | 6.95 | 7.58 | 45.2 | 45.5 | 5.41 |
Nb | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 16.8 | 0.11 | 0.070 | 0.044 | 0.045 |
Hf | 68.5 | 72.2 | 81.5 | 1.98 | 1.91 | 6.99 | 8.34 | 0.566 |
La | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.17 | 0.95 | 0.008 | 0.005 | 0.015 |
Ce | 0.12 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.34 | 2.58 | 0.115 | 0.068 | 0.038 |
Pr | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.34 | 0.053 | 0.038 | <0.005 |
Nd | 1.99 | 2.55 | 1.88 | 0.31 | 2.03 | 1.67 | 1.67 | 0.028 |
Sm | 14.7 | 14.0 | 13.0 | 0.87 | 1.62 | 4.17 | 4.35 | 0.064 |
Eu | 0.49 | 0.28 | 0.19 | 0.14 | 0.542 | 0.555 | 0.011 | |
Gd | 77.4 | 76.2 | 72.3 | 2.11 | 3.21 | 11.2 | 15.3 | 0.210 |
Tb | 18.7 | 23.2 | 24.0 | 0.53 | 0.61 | 2.24 | 3.40 | 0.028 |
Dy | 164 | 188 | 209 | 3.41 | 3.27 | 18.3 | 25.5 | 0.139 |
Ho | 39.1 | 40.2 | 50 | 0.52 | 0.50 | 3.93 | 4.67 | 0.032 |
Er | 142 | 138 | 176 | 1.56 | 1.30 | 13.1 | 13.6 | 0.102 |
Y | 146 | 148 | 188 | 1.50 | 1.16 | 13.9 | 12.3 | 0.034 |
Lu | 19.6 | 19.8 | 25.1 | 0.26 | 0.22 | 1.80 | 1.93 | 0.012 |
Sample | 61 | 61 | 61 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | |
Mineral | Grt ** | Grt ** | Opx ** | Grt | Grt | Opx | Opx | |
Analysis | 15(r) | 16(c) | 17 | 8(r) | 9(c) | 6 | 7 | |
Ti | 138 | 208 | 594 | 159 | 168 | 588 | 807 | |
V | 77 | 85 | 238 | 67 | 81 | 374 | 413 | |
Y | 23 | 45 | 0.209 | 21 | 19 | 0.624 | 0.660 | |
Zr | 22 | 43 | 2.91 | 26 | 45 | 5.0 | 6.0 | |
Nb | 0.029 | 0.024 | 0.067 | 0.118 | 0.032 | 0.127 | 0.229 | |
Hf | 1.92 | 3.67 | 0.286 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 0.780 | 1.20 | |
La | 0.003 | 0.006 | 0.055 | 0.013 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.006 | |
Ce | 0.076 | 0.100 | 0.089 | 0.193 | 0.154 | 0.035 | 0.015 | |
Pr | 0.057 | 0.063 | 0.014 | 0.155 | 0.119 | 0.007 | <0.005 | |
Nd | 1.14 | 1.84 | 0.089 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 0.033 | 0.053 | |
Sm | 3.59 | 4.38 | 0.052 | 8.9 | 9.1 | 0.021 | ||
Eu | 0.548 | 0.584 | 0.029 | 0.891 | 0.678 | 0.007 | 0.024 | |
Gd | 6.15 | 11.4 | 0.111 | 10.6 | 9.8 | 0.006 | 0.007 | |
Tb | 0.846 | 1.79 | 0.003 | 1.30 | 1.27 | 0.006 | 0.010 | |
Dy | 4.61 | 9.47 | 0.047 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 0.121 | 0.133 | |
Ho | 0.61 | 1.46 | 0.013 | 0.704 | 0.512 | 0.024 | 0.023 | |
Er | 2.02 | 4.73 | 0.036 | 1.88 | 1.57 | 0.092 | 0.066 | |
Y | 1.76 | 5.06 | 0.028 | 2.34 | 1.90 | 0.168 | 0.133 | |
Lu | 0.291 | 0.93 | 0.005 | 0.501 | 0.396 | 0.022 | 0.017 |
Sample | 15 | 15 | 61 | 61 | 63 | 63 | 116 | 116 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Analysis | 3-1 * | 045 ** | 013 ** | 025 ** | 001 ** | 004 ** | 3-2 * | 4-5 * |
SiO2 | 46.46 | 47.36 | 48.90 | 49.29 | 48.50 | 48.01 | 47.79 | 47.49 |
Al2O3 | 9.03 | 8.72 | 8.24 | 7.98 | 8.88 | 9.22 | 6.07 | 6.05 |
FeO * | 24.56 | 25.19 | 21.72 | 20.31 | 22.55 | 23.10 | 26.69 | 27.56 |
MnO | 0.00 | 0.12 | 0.58 | 0.59 | 0.19 | 0.00 | 0.33 | 0.35 |
MgO | 19.77 | 18.38 | 20.37 | 21.22 | 19.79 | 19.53 | 19.16 | 18.54 |
CaO | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.20 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Total | 99.82 | 99.77 | 100.01 | 99.45 | 99.91 | 99.86 | 100.04 | 99.99 |
Si | 1.735 | 1.784 | 1.814 | 1.828 | 1.805 | 1.790 | 1.802 | 1.799 |
Al | 0.398 | 0.387 | 0.360 | 0.349 | 0.390 | 0.405 | 0.270 | 0.270 |
Fe3+ | 0.132 | 0.045 | 0.012 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.015 | 0.127 | 0.132 |
Fe2+ | 0.635 | 0.748 | 0.662 | 0.630 | 0.701 | 0.705 | 0.715 | 0.741 |
Mn | 0.000 | 0.004 | 0.018 | 0.019 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.011 | 0.011 |
Mg | 1.100 | 1.032 | 1.126 | 1.173 | 1.098 | 1.085 | 1.076 | 1.047 |
Ca | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.008 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Total | 4.000 | 4.000 | 4.000 | 4.000 | 4.000 | 4.000 | 4.000 | 4.000 |
0.589 | 0.565 | 0.623 | 0.650 | 0.610 | 0.601 | 0.561 | 0.545 | |
0.133 | 0.171 | 0.174 | 0.177 | 0.194 | 0.195 | 0.072 | 0.069 | |
0.397 | 0.350 | 0.401 | 0.401 | 0.382 | 0.382 | 0.333 | 0.333 | |
0.010 | 0.011 | 0.029 | 0.029 | 0.018 | 0.018 | 0.034 | 0.034 | |
0.014 | 0.011 | 0.047 | 0.047 | 0.011 | 0.011 | 0.027 | 0.027 | |
0.118 | 0.147 | 0.157 | 0.159 | 0.165 | 0.166 | 0.074 | 0.071 | |
2.094 | 2.329 | 2.178 | 2.426 | 2.408 | 2.318 | 2.326 | 2.180 | |
Pref, kbar | 5.0–7.1 | 5.0–7.0 | 5.1–7.0 | 5.0–7.0 | 6.1–7.0 | 6.0–7.0 | 5.1–7.1 | 5.0–7.1 |
TGH82, °C | 840–900 | 895–955 | 885–945 | 875–935 | 935–965 | 935–970 | 750–800 | 750–800 |
TLG88, °C | 945–960 | 870–880 | 960–970 | 890–900 | 860–870 | 885–890 | 905–915 | 950–960 |
Sample | 63 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Feldspar | Mesoperthitic | Antiperthitic | ||||||
Domain | re-int (scan) | host | lamellae | re-int (calc) | re-int (scan) | host | lamellae | re-int (calc) |
Analysis | 054 | 051 | 050 | 055 | 059 | 056 | ||
SiO2 | 65.30 | 64.88 | 62.72 | 64.29 | 64.73 | 64.36 | 64.87 | 64.48 |
Al2O3 | 19.26 | 18.82 | 23.48 | 20.09 | 22.13 | 23.06 | 18.76 | 22.06 |
CaO | 0.48 | 0.00 | 4.53 | 1.23 | 2.98 | 4.72 | 0.00 | 3.62 |
Na2O | 3.18 | 1.61 | 8.78 | 3.56 | 7.12 | 9.38 | 1.67 | 7.58 |
K2O | 12.25 | 14.49 | 12.25 | 10.62 | 3.77 | 0.07 | 14.31 | 3.39 |
BaO | 0.00 | 0.20 | 0.00 | 0.15 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Total | 100.47 | 100.00 | 99.75 | 99.93 | 100.73 | 101.59 | 99.61 | 101.13 |
Si | 2.967 | 2.984 | 2.780 | 2.927 | 2.860 | 2.803 | 2.988 | 2.844 |
Al | 1.032 | 1.020 | 1.227 | 1.078 | 1.152 | 1.184 | 1.019 | 1.147 |
Ca | 0.023 | 0.000 | 0.215 | 0.060 | 0.141 | 0.220 | 0.000 | 0.171 |
Na | 0.280 | 0.144 | 0.755 | 0.314 | 0.610 | 0.792 | 0.149 | 0.648 |
K | 0.710 | 0.850 | 0.014 | 0.617 | 0.212 | 0.004 | 0.841 | 0.191 |
Ba | 0.000 | 0.004 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.212 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Total | 5.012 | 5.002 | 4.990 | 4.999 | 4.975 | 5.003 | 4.997 | 5.002 |
An | 0.023 | 0.000 | 0.219 | 0.061 | 0.146 | 0.217 | 0.000 | 0.169 |
Ab | 0.276 | 0.144 | 0.767 | 0.317 | 0.633 | 0.779 | 0.151 | 0.642 |
Ort | 0.701 | 0.856 | 0.014 | 0.622 | 0.221 | 0.004 | 0.849 | 0.189 |
Vol,% | 73.6 | 26.4 | 77.3 | 22.7 | ||||
Wt,% | 72.8 | 27.2 | 76.65 | 23.35 |
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Abdrakhmanov, I.A.; Gulbin, Y.L.; Skublov, S.G.; Galankina, O.L. Mineralogical Constraints on the Pressure–Temperature Evolution of Granulites in the Bunger Hills, East Antarctica. Minerals 2024, 14, 488. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14050488
Abdrakhmanov IA, Gulbin YL, Skublov SG, Galankina OL. Mineralogical Constraints on the Pressure–Temperature Evolution of Granulites in the Bunger Hills, East Antarctica. Minerals. 2024; 14(5):488. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14050488
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdrakhmanov, Ilnur A., Yuri L. Gulbin, Sergey G. Skublov, and Olga L. Galankina. 2024. "Mineralogical Constraints on the Pressure–Temperature Evolution of Granulites in the Bunger Hills, East Antarctica" Minerals 14, no. 5: 488. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14050488