Hydration Effects on the Stability of Calcium Carbonate Pre-Nucleation Species
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Titration Experiments
2.2. Dynamic Light Scattering
2.3. Electron Microscopy
2.4. X-ray Diffraction Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Type I Experiments
3.1.1. Effect of Different Counter-Ions in the Carbonate or Calcium Sources
3.1.2. Dynamics of Calcium Carbonate Binding
3.1.3. Free Energy of Ion Associates
3.1.4. Particle Size and Phase Evolution
3.2. Type II Experiments
4. Discussion
4.1. Ion-Water Interactions
4.2. Calcium Carbonate Pre-Nucleation Clusters
4.3. Effects on ACC Solubility and Polymorph Selection
4.4. Influence of Background Electrolyte Concentration
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Burgos-Cara, A.; Putnis, C.V.; Rodriguez-Navarro, C.; Ruiz-Agudo, E. Hydration Effects on the Stability of Calcium Carbonate Pre-Nucleation Species. Minerals 2017, 7, 126. https://doi.org/10.3390/min7070126
Burgos-Cara A, Putnis CV, Rodriguez-Navarro C, Ruiz-Agudo E. Hydration Effects on the Stability of Calcium Carbonate Pre-Nucleation Species. Minerals. 2017; 7(7):126. https://doi.org/10.3390/min7070126
Chicago/Turabian StyleBurgos-Cara, Alejandro, Christine V. Putnis, Carlos Rodriguez-Navarro, and Encarnacion Ruiz-Agudo. 2017. "Hydration Effects on the Stability of Calcium Carbonate Pre-Nucleation Species" Minerals 7, no. 7: 126. https://doi.org/10.3390/min7070126