Beneficiation and Purification of Tungsten and Cassiterite Minerals Using Pb–BHA Complexes Flotation and Centrifugal Separation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Flotation Tests of Pure Minerals
2.3. Gravity Separation
2.4. Pilot Scale Tests
2.5. Analytical Techniques
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Flotation Tests in Lab
3.2. Flotation in Pilot Scale Tests
3.3. Mineral Composition and Characters of the Rougher Concentrate
3.4. Flotation and Gravity Separation Combination in Pilot Scale Tests
4. Conclusions
Reference
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Particle Size/mm | Yield (%) | Grade (%) | Distribution (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Individual | WO3 | Sn | CaCO3 | WO3 | Sn | CaCO3 | |
+0.074 | 23.68 | 0.27 | 0.08 | 12.80 | 17.98 | 12.90 | 25.82 |
−0.074~+0.037 | 18.54 | 0.31 | 0.11 | 13.41 | 16.17 | 13.89 | 21.18 |
−0.037~+0.019 | 27.76 | 0.40 | 0.16 | 11.58 | 31.23 | 30.26 | 27.38 |
−0.019 | 30.02 | 0.41 | 0.21 | 10.11 | 34.62 | 42.94 | 25.85 |
Total | 100 | 0.36 | 0.15 | 11.74 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
Gravity Separator | Parameters | ||
---|---|---|---|
Falcon centrifugal concentrator | Feeding slurry concentration (%) | Rotation bowl speed (rpm) | Fluidized water flow rate (L/min) |
32 | 800 | 5.0 | |
Hang-vibrate of cone concentrator | Feeding slurry concentration (%) | Rotation speed of drum (rpm) | Vibrational frequency (HZ) |
32 | 2.0 | 32 |
Grade in each Flotation Unit/% | Recovery in Each Flotation Unit/% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scheelite | Wolframite | Cassiterite | Scheelite | Wolframite | Cassiterite | |
Roughing flotation | 12.12 | 6.18 | 0.56 | 81.81 | 78.48 | 68.86 |
Cleaning flotation I | 32.86 | 13.83 | 1.24 | 91.23 | 86.38 | 71.34 |
Cleaning flotation II | 41.20 | 16.86 | 1.02 | 88.69 | 81.76 | 58.82 |
Scavenging flotation I | 0.43 | 0.31 | 0.27 | 37.66 | 41,38 | 45.22 |
Scavenging flotation II | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.19 | 27.72 | 32.16 | 39.34 |
Scavenging flotation III | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 12.5 | 16.44 | 18.98 |
Elements | WO3 | Sn | Fe | Mn | Ti | Zn | Zr | Pb |
Content (%) | 10.58 | 0.54 | 7.94 | 0.99 | 0.39 | 0.18 | 0.02 | 0.17 |
Elements | Mo | Ca(CaF2) | Ca(CaCO3) | SiO2 | Bi | As | Cr | Else |
Content (%) | 0.13 | 14.68 | 18.54 | 29.27 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 16.39 |
Product | Yield | WO3 | CaCO3 | CaF2 | Sn | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grade | Recovery | Grade | Recovery | Grade | Recovery | Grade | Recovery | |||
Flotation | Concentrate | 16.18 | 55.64 | 87.83 | 1.98 | 1.79 | 6.99 | 8.63 | 1.01 | 29.18 |
Tailing | 83.82 | 1.49 | 12.17 | 20.99 | 98.21 | 14.28 | 91.37 | 0.47 | 70.82 | |
100.00 | 10.25 | 100.00 | 17.91 | 100.00 | 13.10 | 100.00 | 0.56 | 100.00 | ||
Falcon Concentrator | Concentrate | 12.86 | 60.88 | 76.38 | 0.91 | 0.65 | 5.82 | 5.71 | 2.62 | 60.17 |
Tailing | 87.14 | 2.78 | 23.62 | 20.42 | 99.35 | 14.17 | 94.29 | 0.26 | 39.83 | |
100.00 | 10.25 | 100.00 | 17.91 | 100.00 | 13.10 | 100.00 | 0.56 | 100.00 | ||
Hang-vibrate of cone concentrator | Concentrate | 13.92 | 61.35 | 83.15 | 0.87 | 0.68 | 4.81 | 5.13 | 2.89 | 74.50 |
Tailing | 86.08 | 2.01 | 16.85 | 20.70 | 99.32 | 14.38 | 94.87 | 0.16 | 25.50 | |
100.00 | 10.27 | 100.00 | 17.94 | 100.00 | 13.05 | 100.00 | 0.54 | 100.00 |
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Yue, T.; Han, H.; Hu, Y.; Wei, Z.; Wang, J.; Wang, L.; Sun, W.; Yang, Y.; Sun, L.; Liu, R.; et al. Beneficiation and Purification of Tungsten and Cassiterite Minerals Using Pb–BHA Complexes Flotation and Centrifugal Separation. Minerals 2018, 8, 566. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8120566
Yue T, Han H, Hu Y, Wei Z, Wang J, Wang L, Sun W, Yang Y, Sun L, Liu R, et al. Beneficiation and Purification of Tungsten and Cassiterite Minerals Using Pb–BHA Complexes Flotation and Centrifugal Separation. Minerals. 2018; 8(12):566. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8120566
Chicago/Turabian StyleYue, Tong, Haisheng Han, Yuehua Hu, Zhao Wei, Jianjun Wang, Li Wang, Wei Sun, Yue Yang, Lei Sun, Ruohua Liu, and et al. 2018. "Beneficiation and Purification of Tungsten and Cassiterite Minerals Using Pb–BHA Complexes Flotation and Centrifugal Separation" Minerals 8, no. 12: 566. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8120566