Comparing Schwertmannite and Hydrobasaluminite Dissolution in Ammonium Oxalate (pH 3.0): Implications for Metal Speciation Studies by Sequential Extraction
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Preparation and Characterization
2.1.1. Sampling and Chemical Analyses of Waters
2.1.2. Synthesis and Characterization of Mineral Precipitates
2.2. Experimental Setup
2.3. Analytical Methods
3. Results
3.1. Composition of Final Oxalate Solutions
3.2. Kinetics of Schwertmannite and Hydrobasaluminite Dissolution
3.3. Release of Trace Elements Associated with Schwertmannite and Hydrobasaluminite
4. Discussion
4.1. Similarities between Schwertmannite and Hydrobasaluminite Dissolution: Implications for Trace Element Speciation Studies
4.2. Control of pH and Ionic Charge on Metal Retention
4.3. Future Research
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Synthesis of Schwertmannite and Hydrobasaluminite Mineral Samples for the Dissolution Experiments
References
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Major Elements (mg/L) | |||||||||||
Water sample | K | Na | Mg | Ca | SO4 | SiO2 | Fe | Mn | Cu | Zn | Al |
HER | 1.4 | 48 | 666 | 530 | 5900 | 66 | 342 | 158 | 21 | 130 | 76 |
ZP | 0.6 | 37 | 756 | 552 | 14,712 | 150 | 3901 | 317 | 184 | 182 | 876 |
Trace Elements (µg/L) | |||||||||||
Water sample | As | Be | Ni | Cd | Co | Cr | Pb | Se | Tl | U | V |
HER | 44 | 37 | 2494 | 186 | 3379 | 34 | 26 | 58 | 10 | 20 | 2 |
ZP | 5688 | 23 | 3994 | 355 | 4126 | 156 | 408 | 167 | 12 | 118 | 177 |
Sample | Locality | Fe | S | Si | Al | Cu | Zn | As | Cr | [Fe/S] |
wt % | wt % | wt % | wt % | ppm | ppm | ppm | ppm | |||
Sch 1 | Herrerías | 41.25 | 6.10 | 0.25 | 0.40 | 46 | 1862 | 8 | 3 | 3.9 |
Sch 2 | La Zarza | 32.70 | 6.50 | 0.46 | 2.86 | 1805 | 387 | 25 | 29 | 3.0 |
Sample | Locality | Al | S | Si | Fe | Cu | Zn | Co | Ni | [Al/S] |
wt % | wt % | wt % | wt % | wt % | wt % | ppm | ppm | |||
Hyb 1 | Herrerías | 10.80 | 5.05 | 1.61 | 0.12 | 3.7 | 15.2 | 1662 | 1821 | 2.6 |
Hyb 2 | La Zarza | 11.52 | 5.80 | 2.17 | 0.25 | 7.1 | 0.8 | 160 | 209 | 2.4 |
Major Metals (mg/L) | Trace Elements (µg/L) | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample | S | Si | Fe | Al | Cu | Zn | As | Be | Ce | Cr | Co | Ni | Sc | V | Y |
Sch 1 | 460 | 30 | 2500 | 240 | 15 | 4.5 | <100 | 60 | <100 | 195 | 140 | <100 | <10 | <25 | <10 |
Sch 2 | 575 | 85 | 2570 | 440 | 30 | 4.5 | 7580 | <10 | <100 | 125 | 160 | <100 | <10 | 230 | 70 |
Hyb 1 | 425 | 265 | <1 | 790 | 285 | 425 | <100 | 265 | 980 | <25 | 5355 | 7765 | 110 | <25 | 3525 |
Hyb 2 | 575 | 405 | <1 | 890 | 535 | 65 | <100 | 105 | 1010 | <25 | 1085 | 2780 | 115 | <25 | 2890 |
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Sánchez-España, J.; Reyes, J. Comparing Schwertmannite and Hydrobasaluminite Dissolution in Ammonium Oxalate (pH 3.0): Implications for Metal Speciation Studies by Sequential Extraction. Minerals 2019, 9, 57. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9010057
Sánchez-España J, Reyes J. Comparing Schwertmannite and Hydrobasaluminite Dissolution in Ammonium Oxalate (pH 3.0): Implications for Metal Speciation Studies by Sequential Extraction. Minerals. 2019; 9(1):57. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9010057
Chicago/Turabian StyleSánchez-España, Javier, and Jesús Reyes. 2019. "Comparing Schwertmannite and Hydrobasaluminite Dissolution in Ammonium Oxalate (pH 3.0): Implications for Metal Speciation Studies by Sequential Extraction" Minerals 9, no. 1: 57. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9010057