Multiple Generations of Wolframite Mineralization in the Echassieres District (Massif Central, France)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geological Setting
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Sampling and Microscopic Investigations
3.2. Microprobe Analysis
3.3. Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) Analysis
4. Petrography
4.1. Beauvoir and Colettes Granites
4.2. La Bosse Stockwork Area
4.2.1. Quartz Veins
4.2.2. Topaz Veins
4.2.3. Schist Host Rock
4.3. Proximal Veins
5. Mineral Chemistry
5.1. Wolframite
5.2. Goethite
5.3. Topaz
6. Discussion
6.1. Paragenesis and Relative Chronology
6.1.1. Stockwork Episode
6.1.2. Topazification Episode
6.1.3. Greisen Episode
6.1.4. Kaolinization Episode
6.2. Source, Reservoir and Remobilization of W
6.3. Comparison with the Literature
6.4. Evolution of Fe/Mn Ratio for the Different Types of Wolframite
7. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Laser | |
---|---|
Type | CETAC Excite |
Wavelength | 193 nm |
Laser frequency | 8 Hz |
Fluence | 7 J·cm−2 |
Ablation spot size | 85 µm |
ICP-MS | |
Model | X series II |
Type | Quadrupole |
ICP RF Power | 1400 W |
Cooling gas (Ar) | 13 to 14 L·min−1 |
Carrier gas (He) | 0.15 to 0.3 L·min−1 |
Auxiliary gas (Ar) | 1 L·min−1 |
Acquisition Parameters | |
Measured isotopes | 7Li, 9Be, 11B, 23Na, 27Al, 29Si, 47Ti, 72Ge, 85Rb, 88Sr, 93Nb, 118Sn, 121Sb, 181Ta, 182W |
Dwell time per mass | 30 ms |
Background | 20 s |
Acquisition time | 40 s (320 pulses) |
Background collection | 20 s |
Wash-out delay | 20 s |
Data Reduction | |
Software | Glitter® |
Standard | NIST SRM 612 [38] |
Mineralization Type | Location | Principal Accompanying Minerals |
---|---|---|
Wolframite a | Quartz vein of La Bosse stockwork. | quartz, tourmaline, ilmenite, bismuth metal. |
Wolframite b |
| topaz I, lepidolite/F-biotite series, rutile. |
Wolframite c |
| quartz, apatite, muscovite, topaz II. |
W-rich goethite | Small quantities in all altered rocks of Echassières district:
| kaolinite, quartz, gorceixite, Mn-oxide. |
Estimated Proportions of Wolframite Types in Different Localities | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Generation | Stockwork Above Beauvoir Granite | Stockwork Below Beauvoir Granite | Mazet Veins | Echassières District (Total) |
Wolframite a | 5% | 20% | 0% | ca. 10% |
Wolframite b | 95% | 80% | 0% | ca. 80% |
Wolframite c | <1% | 0% | 100% | ca. 10% |
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Monnier, L.; Salvi, S.; Melleton, J.; Bailly, L.; Béziat, D.; de Parseval, P.; Gouy, S.; Lach, P. Multiple Generations of Wolframite Mineralization in the Echassieres District (Massif Central, France). Minerals 2019, 9, 637. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9100637
Monnier L, Salvi S, Melleton J, Bailly L, Béziat D, de Parseval P, Gouy S, Lach P. Multiple Generations of Wolframite Mineralization in the Echassieres District (Massif Central, France). Minerals. 2019; 9(10):637. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9100637
Chicago/Turabian StyleMonnier, Loïs, Stefano Salvi, Jérémie Melleton, Laurent Bailly, Didier Béziat, Philippe de Parseval, Sophie Gouy, and Philippe Lach. 2019. "Multiple Generations of Wolframite Mineralization in the Echassieres District (Massif Central, France)" Minerals 9, no. 10: 637. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9100637