Characterization of Carbonate Crust from a Recently Discovered Methane Seep on the North Atlantic Continental Margin of the USA
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Collection and Preparation
2.2. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Optical Microscopy
2.3. Carbonate Standard Development
2.4. Elemental Analysis with Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS)
2.5. Stable Isotope Analysis with Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS)
3. Results
3.1. Comparison of LA-ICP-MS Data Reduction for Silicate and Carbonate Standards
3.2. Carbonate Crust
4. Discussion
4.1. Carbonate Standard for LA-ICP-MS
4.2. Stable Isotopes
4.3. Mineralogy
4.4. Minor and Trace Elements
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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ICP-MS in Laser-Ablation Mode | |
Instrument | Aglient 7900 |
Carrier gas flow rate | Ar: 1.3 L/min |
Gas flow in the collision reaction cell | He: 0.5 mL/min |
Isotopes | 23Na, 24,25,26Mg, 27Al, 29Si, 33,34S, 39K, 43,44Ca |
Monitored | 54,56,58Fe, 55Mn, 88Sr, 90,91Zr, 137,138Ba, 235,238U |
Background acquisition time | 60 s |
Data acquisition time | 20 s |
Laser-Ablation System | |
Instrument | CETAC |
Beam | 193 nm excimer |
Fluence | 4.72 J/cm2 |
Repetition rate | 5 Hz |
Shot count | 150 |
He gas flow rate | 0.6 L/min (MFC1) |
0.2 L/min (MFC2) | |
Laser spot diameter | 40 µm |
Spot # * | Mg/Ca | S/Ca | Sr/Ca | Ba/Ca | U/Ca |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Slab-6 | |||||
42 | 0.791 | 0.986 | 13.366 | 25.292 | 2.195 |
43 | 0.531 | 0.765 | 11.264 | 13.703 | 0.870 |
56 | 2.965 | 1.258 | 11.367 | 13.776 | 2.994 |
57 | 0.914 | 0.812 | 11.081 | 15.379 | 1.783 |
58 | 0.610 | 0.734 | 9.253 | 8.747 | 0.690 |
59 | 2.039 | 1.133 | 11.355 | 16.254 | 2.044 |
67 | 1.849 | 0.908 | 11.652 | 14.432 | 2.271 |
70 | 1.771 | 0.833 | 10.487 | 13.484 | 1.114 |
75 | 2.092 | 0.599 | 10.624 | 13.994 | 1.817 |
average | 1.507 | 0.892 | 11.161 | 15.007 | 1.753 |
s.d. | 0.834 | 0.206 | 1.094 | 4.381 | 0.743 |
Slab-7 | |||||
24 | 0.684 | 0.599 | 8.933 | 6.997 | 0.891 |
40 | 0.459 | 0.656 | 10.453 | 8.747 | 0.673 |
41 | 0.659 | 0.699 | 7.768 | 9.694 | 1.165 |
42 | 0.618 | 0.668 | 7.974 | 11.662 | 1.034 |
43 | 0.457 | 0.640 | 10.396 | 9.038 | 0.576 |
44 | 0.651 | 0.659 | 10.293 | 10.496 | 0.984 |
45 | 0.675 | 0.652 | 8.134 | 10.715 | 1.009 |
average | 0.600 | 0.653 | 9.136 | 9.621 | 0.905 |
s.d. | 0.099 | 0.030 | 1.220 | 1.534 | 0.210 |
Samples | δ13CVPDB | 1σ | δ18OVPDB | 1σ |
---|---|---|---|---|
LR-1 | −50.25 | 0.08 | 4.53 | 0.1 |
LR-2 | −49.81 | 0.08 | 4.50 | 0.1 |
LR-3 | −50.19 | 0.08 | 4.53 | 0.1 |
average | −50.09 | 4.52 | ||
1s.d. | 0.24 | 0.02 |
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Gabitov, R.; Borrelli, C.; Buettner, J.; Kirkland, B.; Skarke, A.; Trail, D.; Garner, B.; Testa, M.; Wahidi, M.; Hoff, C.; et al. Characterization of Carbonate Crust from a Recently Discovered Methane Seep on the North Atlantic Continental Margin of the USA. Minerals 2019, 9, 138. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9030138
Gabitov R, Borrelli C, Buettner J, Kirkland B, Skarke A, Trail D, Garner B, Testa M, Wahidi M, Hoff C, et al. Characterization of Carbonate Crust from a Recently Discovered Methane Seep on the North Atlantic Continental Margin of the USA. Minerals. 2019; 9(3):138. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9030138
Chicago/Turabian StyleGabitov, Rinat, Chiara Borrelli, Jacob Buettner, Brenda Kirkland, Adam Skarke, Dustin Trail, Brittany Garner, Maurice Testa, Mahnaz Wahidi, Christopher Hoff, and et al. 2019. "Characterization of Carbonate Crust from a Recently Discovered Methane Seep on the North Atlantic Continental Margin of the USA" Minerals 9, no. 3: 138. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9030138