Standardized Comparison of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Prevalence in Spanish Women and Men Living with HIV and in the General Population
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design and Population
2.2. Data Collection and Measurements
2.3. Statistical Analysis
2.4. Ethics
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Standardized Prevalence | Crude Prevalence | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cardiovascular Risk Factor | General Population | People Living with HIV | p-Value | General Population | People Living with HIV | p-Value |
N = 15,159 | N = 4495 | N = 15,159 | N = 4495 | |||
Age, years | 53.3 (53.2–53.5) | 44.0 (43.8–44.2) | 0.000 | |||
Age categories: | 0.000 | |||||
35–44, % | 27.2 (26.5–27.9) | 60.0 (58.5–61.4) | ||||
45–54, % | 26.6 (25.9–27.3) | 33.1 (31.7–34.5) | ||||
55–64, % | 27.0 (26.3–27.7) | 5.27 (4.64–5.97) | ||||
65–74, % | 19.2 (18.6–19.8) | 1.69 (1.33–2.11) | ||||
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 122 (122–123) | 125 (123–127) | 0.016 | 124 (123–124) | 120 (120–121) | <0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 75 (75–76) | 76 (75–77) | 0.14 | 76 (75–76) | 75 (74–75) | <0.001 |
Hypertension, % | 27.4 (26.7–28.0) | 28.6 (26.2–30.9) | 0.336 | 29.8 (29.1–30.6) | 18.1 (17.0–19.3) | <0.001 |
Treated hypertension, % a | 62.7 (60.7–64.7) | 21.9 (18.4–25.4) | <0.001 | 74.8 (73.5–76.0) | 19.5 (16.9–22.4) | <0.001 |
HDL-c, mg/dL | 57 (57–58) | 54 (53–56) | <0.001 | 57 (57–58) | 53 (52–53) | <0.001 |
LDL-c, mg/dL | 136 (135–137) | 119 (114–123) | <0.001 | 137 (136–137) | 112 (111–113) | <0.001 |
Triglycerides, mg/dL b | 99 (99–100) | 134 (122–134) | <0.001 | 97.5 (97.5–98.5) | 126 (125–129) | <0.001 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 214 (213–215) | 202 (197–207) | <0.001 | 215 (214–216) | 191 (190–193) | <0.001 |
Treated dyslipidaemia, % c | 14.0 (13.5–14.6) | 9.0 (7.2–10.9) | <0.001 | 15.8 (15.2–16.4) | 4.29 (3.72–4.93) | <0.001 |
Total cholesterol/HDL-c | 3.9 (3.9–3.9) | 4.0 (3.9–4.1) | 0.193 | 3.9 (3.9–3.9) | 3.9 (3.8–3.9) | 0.704 |
Triglycerides/HDL-c b | 1.7 (1.7–1.8) | 2.5 (2.5–2.7) | <0.001 | 1.7 (1.7–1.8) | 2.5 (2.5–2.6) | <0.001 |
Glucose, mg/dL | 97 (96–97) | 100 (97–103) | 0.015 | 97.4 (97.0–97.8) | 94.6 (94.0–95.3) | <0.001 |
Diabetes, % | 10.6 (10.1–11.1) | 20.5 (18.3–22.7) | <0.001 | 11.6 (11.1–12.1) | 15.3 (14.2–16.4) | <0.001 |
Treated diabetes, % d | 34.4 (31.5–37.2) | 12.1 (8.50–15.7) | <0.001 | 45.0 (42.6–47.4) | 8.15 (6.22–10.5) | <0.001 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.5 (27.4–27.7) | 24.0 (23.5–24.6) | <0.001 | 27.7 (27.7–27.8) | 23.6 (23.4–23.7) | 0.000 |
Metabolic Syndrome, % | 20.5 (19.8–21.1) | 24.3 (21.4–27.2) | 0.011 | 22.0 (21.3–22.7) | 18.8 (17.3–20.3) | <0.001 |
Smoking, % | 21.2 (20.6–21.9) | 44.5 (42.5–46.6) | <0.001 | 19.5 (18.9–20.1) | 54.7 (53.2–56.2) | 0.000 |
Standardized Prevalence | Crude Prevalence | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cardiovascular Risk Factor | General Population | People Living with HIV | p-Value | General Population | People Living with HIV | p-Value |
N = 13,201 | N = 14,738 | N = 13,201 | N = 14,738 | |||
Age, years | 53.8 (53.6–54.0) | 45.2 (45.1–45.3) | 0.000 | |||
Age categories: | 0.000 | |||||
35–44, % | 26.3 (25.6–27.1) | 52.9 (52.1–53.7) | ||||
45–54, % | 25.4 (24.7–26.2) | 37.0 (36.2–37.7) | ||||
55–64, % | 27.4 (26.7–28.2) | 7.66 (7.24–8.10) | ||||
65–74, % | 20.8 (20.1–21.5) | 2.48 (2.24–2.75) | ||||
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 130 (129–130) | 128 (127–129) | <0.001 | 131 (130–131) | 125 (125–126) | <0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 79 (79–80) | 78 (77–78) | <0.001 | 79 (79–80) | 77 (77–78) | <0.001 |
Hypertension, % | 29.0 (28.2–29.7) | 29.3 (28.1–30.4) | 0.676 | 31.4 (30.6–32.2) | 22.3 (21.6–23.0) | <0.001 |
Treated hypertension, % a | 59.3 (57.5–61.1) | 26.5 (24.7–28.3) | <0.001 | 70.1 (68.7–71.5) | 22.2 (20.8–23.6) | 0.000 |
HDL-c, mg/dL | 49 (48–49) | 46 (45–47) | <0.001 | 48.6 (48.4–48.8) | 44.9 (44.6–45.2) | <0.001 |
LDL-c, mg/dL | 139 (138–140) | 111 (109–113) | <0.001 | 139 (138–139) | 106 (106–107) | 0.000 |
Triglycerides, mg/dL b | 122 (121–122) | 148 (148–149) | <0.001 | 122 (120–123) | 147 (145–148) | <0.001 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 214 (213–216) | 190 (188–192) | <0.001 | 214 (213–214) | 182 (182–183) | 0.000 |
Treated dyslipidaemia, % c | 15.1 (14.5–15.7) | 9.9 (9.0–10.7) | <0.001 | 16.7 (16.0–17.4) | 5.85 (5.48–6.24) | <0.001 |
Total cholesterol/HDL-c | 4.6 (4.6–4.7) | 4.5 (4.4–4.5) | <0.001 | 4.58 (4.56–4.61) | 4.40 (4.37–4.43) | <0.001 |
Triglycerides/HDL-c b | 2.7 (2.5–2.7) | 3.3 (3.3–3.7) | <0.001 | 2.6 (2.5–2.6) | 3.4 (3.4–3.5) | <0.001 |
Glucose, mg/dL | 104 (103–105) | 103 (102–105) | 0.324 | 105 (105–106) | 99 (98–99) | <0.001 |
Diabetes, % | 15.4 (14.8–16.0) | 23.9 (22.8–24.9) | <0.001 | 16.9 (16.3–17.6) | 18.3 (17.7–18.9) | 0.003 |
Treated diabetes, % d | 40.0 (37.1–42.9) | 13.5 (11.9–15.1) | <0.001 | 47.1 (44.9–49.3) | 10.1 (9.01–11.3) | <0.001 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.1 (27.9–28.2) | 24.4 (24.2–24.6) | <0.001 | 28.1 (28.1–28.2) | 24.2 (24.1–24.2) | 0.000 |
Metabolic Syndrome, % | 27.9 (27.1–28.7) | 30.4 (29.0–31.8) | 0.002 | 28.7 (27.9–29.5) | 26.1 (25.2–27.1) | <0.001 |
Smoking, % | 33.6 (32.8–34.4) | 51.3 (50.2–52.5) | <0.001 | 32.3 (31.5–33.1) | 57.6 (56.8–58.4) | 0.000 |
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Camps-Vilaró, A.; Pérez-Fernández, S.; Subirana, I.; Teira, R.; Estrada, V.; Domingo, P.; Dégano, I.R.; Marrugat, J. Standardized Comparison of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Prevalence in Spanish Women and Men Living with HIV and in the General Population. J. Pers. Med. 2021, 11, 1085. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11111085
Camps-Vilaró A, Pérez-Fernández S, Subirana I, Teira R, Estrada V, Domingo P, Dégano IR, Marrugat J. Standardized Comparison of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Prevalence in Spanish Women and Men Living with HIV and in the General Population. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2021; 11(11):1085. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11111085
Chicago/Turabian StyleCamps-Vilaró, Anna, Silvia Pérez-Fernández, Isaac Subirana, Ramon Teira, Vicente Estrada, Pere Domingo, Irene R. Dégano, and Jaume Marrugat. 2021. "Standardized Comparison of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Prevalence in Spanish Women and Men Living with HIV and in the General Population" Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 11: 1085. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11111085