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Article

Identifying Barriers and Facilitators to Diet and Physical Activity Behaviour Change in Type 2 Diabetes Using a Design Probe Methodology

by
Kevin A. Cradock
1,2,
Leo R. Quinlan
1,3,*,
Francis M. Finucane
4,
Heather L. Gainforth
5,
Kathleen A. Martin Ginis
5,
Ana Correia de Barros
6,
Elizabeth B. N. Sanders
7 and
Gearóid ÓLaighin
2,3
1
Physiology Department, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
2
Electrical & Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
3
Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Science Foundation of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
4
Bariatric Medicine Service, Galway Diabetes Research Centre, Health Research Board Clinical Research Facility, Galway, Ireland
5
School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
6
Fraunhofer Portugal AICOS (Fraunhofer Center for Assistive Information and Communication Solutions), Rua Alfredo Allen, 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
7
Department of Design, The Ohio State University, 100 Hayes Hall, 108 North Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Pers. Med. 2021, 11(2), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11020072
Submission received: 1 December 2020 / Revised: 11 January 2021 / Accepted: 21 January 2021 / Published: 26 January 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Interface between Human Physiology and Medical Device Development)
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Abstract

Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) typically involves pharmacological methods and adjunct behavioural modifications, focused on changing diet and physical activity (PA) behaviours. Changing diet and physical activity behaviours is complex and any behavioural intervention in T2D, to be successful, must use an appropriate suite of behaviour change techniques (BCTs). In this study, we sought to understand the perceived barriers and facilitators to diet and PA behaviour change in persons with T2D, with a view to creating artefacts to facilitate the required behaviour changes. The Design Probe was chosen as the most appropriate design research instrument to capture the required data, as it enabled participants to reflect and self-document, over an extended period of time, on their daily lived experiences and, following this reflection, to identify their barriers and facilitators to diet and PA behaviour change. Design Probes were sent to 21 participants and 13 were fully completed. A reflective thematic analysis was carried out on the data, which identified themes of food environment, mental health, work schedule, planning, social support, cravings, economic circumstances and energy associated with diet behaviour. Similar themes were identified for PA as well as themes of physical health, weather, motivation and the physical environment.
Keywords: Design Probe; Human-Centred Design; diet; physical activity; barriers; facilitators; Type 2 Diabetes; behaviour change; thematic analysis Design Probe; Human-Centred Design; diet; physical activity; barriers; facilitators; Type 2 Diabetes; behaviour change; thematic analysis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Cradock, K.A.; Quinlan, L.R.; Finucane, F.M.; Gainforth, H.L.; Martin Ginis, K.A.; Barros, A.C.d.; Sanders, E.B.N.; ÓLaighin, G. Identifying Barriers and Facilitators to Diet and Physical Activity Behaviour Change in Type 2 Diabetes Using a Design Probe Methodology. J. Pers. Med. 2021, 11, 72. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11020072

AMA Style

Cradock KA, Quinlan LR, Finucane FM, Gainforth HL, Martin Ginis KA, Barros ACd, Sanders EBN, ÓLaighin G. Identifying Barriers and Facilitators to Diet and Physical Activity Behaviour Change in Type 2 Diabetes Using a Design Probe Methodology. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2021; 11(2):72. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11020072

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cradock, Kevin A., Leo R. Quinlan, Francis M. Finucane, Heather L. Gainforth, Kathleen A. Martin Ginis, Ana Correia de Barros, Elizabeth B. N. Sanders, and Gearóid ÓLaighin. 2021. "Identifying Barriers and Facilitators to Diet and Physical Activity Behaviour Change in Type 2 Diabetes Using a Design Probe Methodology" Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 2: 72. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11020072

APA Style

Cradock, K. A., Quinlan, L. R., Finucane, F. M., Gainforth, H. L., Martin Ginis, K. A., Barros, A. C. d., Sanders, E. B. N., & ÓLaighin, G. (2021). Identifying Barriers and Facilitators to Diet and Physical Activity Behaviour Change in Type 2 Diabetes Using a Design Probe Methodology. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 11(2), 72. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11020072

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