Predictors of Mortality in Bicycle-Related Trauma: An Eight-Year Experience in a Level One Trauma Center
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | <18 Years 75 (16.8) | 18–54 Years 223 (50) | ≥55 Years 148 (33.2) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Male n (%) | 58 (77.3) | 167 (74.6) | 120 (81.6) | 0.281 |
GCS (median (IQR)) | 15 (15–15) | 15 (14–15) | 15 (13–15) | 0.001 * |
GCS Hospital (median (IQR)) | 15 (15–15) | 15 (15–15) | 15 (10–15) | 0.001 * |
DBP (median (IQR)) | 75 (60–80) | 77 (70–80) | 80 (70–94) | <0.001 |
SBP (median (IQR)) | 120 (112–130) | 130 (120–140) | 146 (125–165) | <0.001 |
HR (median (IQR)) | 100 (84–115) | 80 (70–96) | 80 (70–94) | ≤0.001 * |
RR (median (IQR)) | 18 (14–18) | 16 (15–18) | 16 (12–18) | 0.006 * |
BE (median (IQR)) | −2 (−3.45–0.25) | −1.05 (−3.52–0.90) | −1.4 (−3.75–0.30) | 0.499 |
Lactate (median (IQR)) | 1.82 (1.36–2.35) | 1.79 (1.30–2.60) | 2.11 (1.49–2.97) | 0.019 * |
OAC (median (IQR)) | 1.12 (1.06–1.16) | 1.05 (1–1.12) | 1.06 (1–1.12) | ≤0.001 * |
No Helmet n (%) | 6 (8.1) | 24 (10.7) | 14 (9.5) | 0.706 |
Roll on n (%) | 2 (2.6) | 7 (3.1) | 6 (4.1) | 0.825 |
Roll over n (%) | 34 (45.3) | 114 (50.9) | 69 (46.9) | 0.621 |
Throw n (%) | 16 (21.3) | 29 (12.9) | 13 (8.8) | 0.033 * |
Fall without accident n (%) | 25 (33.3) | 70 (31.3) | 49(33.3) | 0.895 |
Cardioaspirin n (%) | 0 | 0 | 14 (9.5) | ≤0.001 * |
OAC n (%) | 0 | 0 | 3 (2.0) | 0.046 * |
ASA SCORE n (%) | ≤0.001 * | |||
I | 74 (98.7) | 196 (87.5) | 48 (32.7) | |
II | 1 (1.3) | 26 (11.6) | 80 (54.4) | |
III | 0 | 2 (0.9) | 19 (2.9) | |
Emergency surgery n (%) | 14 (18.7) | 48 (21.4) | 35 (23.8) | 0.671 |
Elective surgery n (%) | 6 (8) | 39 (17.4) | 36 (24.5) | 0.010 * |
Head AIS ≥ 3 n (%) | 10 (2.2) | 57 (12.8) | 70 (15.7) | ≤0.001 * |
Face AIS ≥ 3 n (%) | 0 | 3 (0.7) | 3 (0.7) | 0.460 |
Chest AIS ≥ 3 n (%) | 10 (2.2) | 52 (11.7) | 47 (10.5) | 0.008 * |
Abdomen AIS ≥ 3 n (%) | 8 (1.8) | 10 (2.2) | 5 (1.1) | 0.055 |
Extremity AIS ≥ 3 n (%) | 4 (0.9) | 21 (4.7) | 24 (5.4) | 0.026 * |
Dead n (%) | 1 (1.3) | 11 (4.9) | 20 (13.6) | ≤0.001 * |
Length of stay (median (IQR)) | 3 (0–12) | 1 (0–9.75) | 5 (0–19) | ≤0.001 * |
ISS (median (IQR)) | 5 (2–14) | 6 (2–17) | 17 (6–29) | ≤0.001 * |
Probability of death (median (IQR)) | 0.40 (0.3–1) | 0.50 (0.30–1.60) | 6.10 (2.5–16.5) | ≤0.001 * |
Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AIS < 3 n (%) | AIS ≥ 3 n (%) | p Value | OR (95%CI) | p Value | |
<18 years old | |||||
Head | 0 | 1 (1.3) | 0.010 * | 0 | 0.997 |
Abdomen | 1 (1.3) | 0 | 0.728 | ||
Face | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Chest | 0 | 1 | 0.010 * | 0 | 0.997 |
Extremity | 1 (1.3) | 0 | 0.811 | ||
External | 1 (1.3) | - | - | ||
18–54 years old | |||||
Head | 0 | 11 (4.9) | ≤0.001 * | 0 | 0.995 |
Abdomen | 10 (4.5) | 1 (0.4) | 0.446 | ||
Face | 10 (4.5) | 1 (0.4) | 0.022 * | ||
Chest | 5 (2.2) | 6 (2.7) | 0.012 * | 0.70 (0.18–2.62) | 0.597 |
Extremity | 10 (4.5) | 1 (0.4) | 0.974 | ||
External | 11 (4.9) | - | - | ||
≥55 years old | |||||
Head | 4 (2.7) | 16 (10.9) | 0.002 * | 0.186 (0.05–0.61) | 0.005 * |
Abdomen | 20 (13.6) | 0 | 0.367 | ||
Face | 20 (13.6) | 0 | 0.487 | ||
Chest | 7 (4.8) | 13 (8.8) | ≤0.001 * | 0.198 (0.07–0.56) | 0.002 * |
Extremity | 14 (9.5) | 6 (4.1) | 0.075 * | ||
External | 20 (13.6) | - | - |
Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aggravating Factors | Survived n (%) | Dead n (%) | p Value | OR (95%CI) | p Value |
<18 years old | |||||
No helmet | 6 (8.0) | 0 | 0.76 | ||
Roll on | 2 (2.7) | 0 | 0.86 | ||
Roll over | 15 (20) | 1 (1.3) | 0.05 | ||
Thrown | 33 (44) | 1 (1.3) | 0.26 | ||
18–54 | |||||
No helmet | 24 (10.7) | 1 (0.4) | 0.82 | ||
Roll on | 6 (2.7) | 1 (0.4) | 0.22 | ||
Roll over | 25 (11.2) | 4 (1.8) | 0.01 * | 0.30 (0.08–1.15) | 0.079 |
Thrown | 104 (46.8) | 10 (4.5) | 0.006 * | 0.10 (0.01–0.87) | 0.037 * |
≥55 years old | |||||
No helmet | 14 (9.5) | 0 | 0.11 | ||
Roll on | 3 (2) | 3 (2) | 0.008 * | 0.11 (0.02–0.76) | 0.012 * |
Roll over | 9 (6.1) | 4 (2.7) | 0.05 * | 0.25 (0.06–0.94) | 0.041 * |
Thrown | 6 (42.2) | 7 (4.8) | 0.25 |
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Reitano, E.; Cioffi, S.P.B.; Virdis, F.; Altomare, M.; Spota, A.; Chiara, O.; Cimbanassi, S. Predictors of Mortality in Bicycle-Related Trauma: An Eight-Year Experience in a Level One Trauma Center. J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12, 1936. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12111936
Reitano E, Cioffi SPB, Virdis F, Altomare M, Spota A, Chiara O, Cimbanassi S. Predictors of Mortality in Bicycle-Related Trauma: An Eight-Year Experience in a Level One Trauma Center. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2022; 12(11):1936. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12111936
Chicago/Turabian StyleReitano, Elisa, Stefano Piero Bernardo Cioffi, Francesco Virdis, Michele Altomare, Andrea Spota, Osvaldo Chiara, and Stefania Cimbanassi. 2022. "Predictors of Mortality in Bicycle-Related Trauma: An Eight-Year Experience in a Level One Trauma Center" Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 11: 1936. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12111936