Association of Warmer Weather and Infectious Complications Following Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Biopsy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethics Statement
2.2. Study Population
2.3. Procedures
2.4. Clinical Characteristics and Climate Data Collection
2.5. Study Endpoints
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Seasonality Variation of Infectious Complications
3.2. Meteorological Variables behind Seasonality and Univariate Analysis
3.3. Multivariate Regression Analyses
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | All Patients |
---|---|
Patients, n | 851 |
Age, years, median (range) | 67 (33–92) |
BMI, kg/m2, median (range) | 24.7 (15.1–40.2) |
PSA level, ng/dL, median (range) | 10.9 (0.7–5342) |
Prostate volume, mL, median (range) | 44.9 (10.6–182.3) |
PSA density, ng/mL2, median (range) a | 0.27 (0.02–90.3) |
Biopsy pathological result, n (%) | |
No malignancy | 593 (69.7%) |
ISUP grade 1 | 69 (8.1%) |
ISUP grade 2 | 22 (2.6%) |
ISUP grade 3 | 25 (2.9%) |
ISUP grade 4 | 66 (7.8%) |
ISUP grade 5 | 76 (8.9%) |
Diabetes, n (%) | 181 (21.3%) |
Hypertension, n (%) | 405 (47.6%) |
Subgroup | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spring | Summer | Fall | Winter | p-Value | |
N = 210 | N = 200 | N = 244 | N = 197 | ||
Baseline characteristics | |||||
Age, years, median | 67 | 66 | 69 | 68 | 0.675 |
BMI, kg/m2, median | 24.8 | 24.7 | 24.4 | 24.7 | 0.209 |
PSA level, ng/dL, median | 10.9 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 10.2 | 0.852 |
Prostate volume, mL, median | 46.4 | 47.0 | 42.0 | 42.8 | 0.537 |
PSA density, ng/mL2, median b | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.744 |
Positive biopsy result, n (%) | 55 (26.2%) | 63 (31.5%) | 84 (34.4%) | 56 (28.4%) | 0.275 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 44 (21.0%) | 42 (21.0%) | 59 (24.2%) | 36 (18.3%) | 0.527 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 93 (44.3%) | 99 (49.5%) | 116 (47.5%) | 97 (49.2%) | 0.726 |
Infectious complications | |||||
Urinary tract infection, n (%) | 13 (6.1%) | 26 (13%) a | 11 (4.5%) | 7 (3.6%) | <0.001 |
Sepsis, n (%) | 6 (2.9%) | 11 (5.5%) a | 4 (1.6%) | 1 (0.6%) | 0.011 |
Positive culture findings, n (%) | 3 (1.4%) | 9 (4.5%) a | 4 (1.6%) | 1(0.6%) | 0.028 |
Infectious Severity, CTCAE grade | 0.002 | ||||
Grade 2, n (%) Grade ≥ 3, n (%) | 7 (3.3%) | 14 (7.0%) | 6 (2.5%) | 6 (3.0%) | |
6 (2.9%) | 13 (6.6%) a | 4 (1.6%) | 2 (1.0%) |
Variables | UTI | Sepsis | PCF | CTCAE Grade ≥ 3 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
Average temperature | 1.117 (1.025–1.218) | 0.012 a | 1.156 (0.999–1.339) | 0.052 | 1.194 (0.999–1.427) | 0.051 | 1.180 (1.022–1.362) | 0.024 a |
Highest temperature | 1.180 (1.046–1.331) | 0.007 a | 1.224 (1.008–1.486) | 0.041 a | 1.266 (1.012–1.585) | 0.039 a | 1.243 (1.033–1.493) | 0.021 a |
Lowest temperature | 1.074 (1.012–1.140) | 0.019 a | 1.082 (0.982–1.192) | 0.110 | 1.099 (0.980–1.233) | 0.106 | 1.101 (1.001–1.211) | 0.047 a |
Average humidity | 1.100 (1.026–1.178) | 0.007 a | 1.076 (0.968–1.197) | 0.176 | 1.136 (0.999–1.291) | 0.052 | 1.097 (0.991–1.215) | 0.074 |
Precipitation | 1.001 (1.000–1.002) | 0.111 | 1.001 (0.999–1.002) | 0.406 | 1.001 (0.999–1.003) | 0.211 | 1.001 (0.999–1.002) | 0.245 |
Sun hours | 1.005 (0.998–1.011) | 0.171 | 1.002 (0.992–1.012) | 0.685 | 0.996 (0.985–1.008) | 0.552 | 1.001 (0.992–1.011) | 0.785 |
10 min wind speed | 1.061 (0.980–1.150) | 0.144 | 1.038 (0.911–1.183) | 0.578 | 1.091 (0.955–1.246) | 0.201 | 1.054 (0.936–1.186) | 0.389 |
Variables | UTI | Sepsis | PCF | CTCAE Grade ≥ 3 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
Age | 1.000 (0.967–1.034) | 0.987 | 0.996 (0.945–1.049) | 0.867 | 1.012 (0.953–1.076) | 0.691 | 1.008 (0.960–1.059) | 0.740 |
BMI | 1.010 (0.927–1.100) | 0.827 | 0.916 (0.790–1.062) | 0.243 | 0.918 (0.778–1.083) | 0.309 | 0.922 (0.803–1.058) | 0.245 |
PSA level | 1.000 (1.000–1.001) | 0.242 | 1.001 (1.000–1.001) | 0.140 | 1.000 (0.999–1.001) | 0.939 | 1.000 (1.000–1.001) | 0.172 |
Prostate volume | 1.008 (0.997–1.019) | 1.154 | 1.010 (0.993–1.028) | 0.247 | 1.019 (1.001–1.037) | 0.037 a | 1.009 (0.992–1.026) | 0.288 |
Biopsy pathological result | ||||||||
No malignancy | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
Malignancy | 0.819 (0.425–1.577) | 0.550 | 1.212 (0.450–3.260) | 0.704 | 1.359 (0.448–4.124) | 0.588 | 0.881 (0.348–2.229) | 0.789 |
Diabetes | 0.910 (0.457–1.812) | 0.789 | 0.543 (0.147–2.009) | 0.360 | 0.830 (0.225–3.060) | 0.780 | 1.555 (0.495–4.888) | 0.450 |
Hypertension | 1.248 (0.703–2.216) | 0.449 | 0.923 (0.369–2.308) | 0.864 | 0.766 (0.270–2.177) | 0.617 | 1.025 (0.435–2.416) | 0.955 |
The involvement of first year of residency | 0.864 (0.499–1.496) | 0.601 | 1.100 (0.454–2.667) | 0.833 | 0.803 (0.302–2.139) | 0.661 | 0.893 (0.388–2.056) | 0.790 |
Monthly average temperature | 1.121 (1.028–1.223) | 0.010 a | 1.162 (1.003–1.348) | 0.046 a | 1.213 (1.012–1.454) | 0.037 a | 1.186 (1.026–1.370) | 0.021 a |
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Chen, Y.-C.; Chen, H.-W.; Huang, S.-P.; Lin, S.-H.; Chu, T.-Y.; Li, C.-C.; Juan, Y.-S.; Wu, W.-J. Association of Warmer Weather and Infectious Complications Following Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Biopsy. J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12, 446. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12030446
Chen Y-C, Chen H-W, Huang S-P, Lin S-H, Chu T-Y, Li C-C, Juan Y-S, Wu W-J. Association of Warmer Weather and Infectious Complications Following Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Biopsy. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2022; 12(3):446. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12030446
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Yu-Chen, Hao-Wei Chen, Shu-Pin Huang, Szu-Huai Lin, Ting-Yin Chu, Ching-Chia Li, Yung-Shun Juan, and Wen-Jeng Wu. 2022. "Association of Warmer Weather and Infectious Complications Following Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Biopsy" Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 3: 446. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12030446