The Association of HLA-B*35 and GSTT1 Genotypes and Hepatotoxicity in Thai People Living with HIV
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Subjects
2.2. DNA Sample Retrieval and DNA Quantification
2.3. Genetic Genotyping and Data Retrievals
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of PLHIV
3.2. Genotypic Distributions of GSTs and HLA-B among Healthy Volunteers, ARVDILI and Non-ARVDILI Groups
3.3. Effects of Multiple Genes on ARVDILI
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Before ART Treatment | p-Value | At 14 Days after Treatment | p-Value | At 42 Days after Treatment | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HIV+ without Hepatotoxicity | HIV+ with Hepatotoxicity | HIV+ without Hepatotoxicity | HIV+ with Hepatotoxicity | HIV+ without Hepatotoxicity | HIV+ with Hepatotoxicity | ||||
N (%) | 312 (100.0) | 50 (100.0) | |||||||
Age (years) | 36.32 ± 10.29 | 39.26 ± 11.29 | 0.080 | ||||||
Sex (M/F) | 180/132 | 25/25 | 0.357 | ||||||
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.58 ± 21.52 | 20.52 ± 3.58 | 0.098 | ||||||
Smoking (%) | 70 (23.0) | 9 (18.4) | 0.581 | ||||||
Alcohol (%) | 98 (34.4) | 16 (35.6) | 0.868 | ||||||
CD4+ (cells/mm3) | 144.23 ± 105.11 | 167.49 ± 114.14 | 0.224 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 269.12 ± 151.24 | 303.97 ± 144.38 | 0.129 |
Viral load (copies/mm3) | 129,027.37 ± 261,163.86 | 105,268.46 ± 170,374.59 | 0.332 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 16,760.24 ± 163,799.31 | 138.63 ± 445.04 | 0.386 |
AST (IU/L) | 31.74 ± 15.47 | 32.76 ± 13.42 | 0.299 | 28.09 ± 13.58 | 61.72 ± 78.32 | <0.001 | 28.22 ± 14.84 | 69.02 ± 108.36 | <0.001 |
ALT (IU/L) | 33.48 ± 18.86 | 36.66 ± 18.33 | 0.235 | 32.82 ± 17.67 | 74.80 ± 102.83 | <0.001 | 35.75 ± 29.40 | 89.19 ± 144.50 | <0.001 |
Genotypic Distribution of GSTs in Non-ARVDILI and ARVDILI Patients | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
GST | HIV (n = 362) | Healthy (n = 85) | OR (95% CI) | p-Value |
GSTM1 present | 151 (41.7%) | 40 (47.1%) | 1 | ref. |
GSTM1 null | 211 (58.3%) | 45 (52.9%) | 1.257 (0.781–2.022) | 0.346 |
GSTT1 present | 237 (65.5%) | 57 (67.1%) | 1 | ref. |
GSTT1 null | 125 (34.5%) | 28 (32.9%) | 1.097 (0.662–1.817) | 0.720 |
GSTM1 or GSTT1 present | 292 (80.7%) | 71 (83.5%) | 1 | ref. |
GSTM1 and GSTT1 null | 70 (19.3%) | 14 (16.5%) | 1.268 (0.668–2.406) | 0.467 |
GST | HIV+ with Hepatotoxicity | HIV+ without Hepatotoxicity | Odd Ratio (95% CI) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | 50 (100%) | 312 (100%) | ||
GST | ||||
GSTM1 present | 21 (42.0%) | 130 (41.7%) | 1 | Ref. |
GSTM1 null | 29 (58.0%) | 182 (58.3%) | 0.99 (0.54–1.81) | 0.965 |
GSTT1 present | 39 (78.0%) | 198 (63.5%) | 1 | Ref. |
GSTT1 null | 11 (22.0%) | 114 (36.5%) | 0.49 (0.24–0.99) | 0.045 |
GSTM1 or GSTT1 present | 44 (88.0%) | 248 (79.5%) | 1 | Ref. |
GSTM1 and GSTT1 null | 6 (12.0%) | 64 (20.5%) | 0.53 (0.22–1.29) | 0.157 |
HLA-B | ||||
*35:01 | 0 (0.0) | 6 (1.9) | 0.47 (0.03–8.39) | 1.000 |
*35:03 | 0 (0.0) | 4 (1.3) | 0.68 (0.04–12.80) | 1.000 |
*35:05 | 2 (4.0) | 1 (0.3) | 12.92 (1.15–145.21) | 0.052 |
*35:60 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | 2.06 (0.08–51.17) | 1.000 |
*58:01 | 5 (10.0) | 45 (90.0) | 1.415 (0.59–3.40) | 0.427 |
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Chanhom, N.; Jittikoon, J.; Wattanapokayakit, S.; Mahasirimongkol, S.; Charoenyingwattana, A.; Udomsinprasert, W.; Chaikledkaew, U.; Suvichapanich, S.; Mushiroda, T.; Kiertiburanakul, S.; et al. The Association of HLA-B*35 and GSTT1 Genotypes and Hepatotoxicity in Thai People Living with HIV. J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12, 940. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12060940
Chanhom N, Jittikoon J, Wattanapokayakit S, Mahasirimongkol S, Charoenyingwattana A, Udomsinprasert W, Chaikledkaew U, Suvichapanich S, Mushiroda T, Kiertiburanakul S, et al. The Association of HLA-B*35 and GSTT1 Genotypes and Hepatotoxicity in Thai People Living with HIV. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2022; 12(6):940. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12060940
Chicago/Turabian StyleChanhom, Noppadol, Jiraphun Jittikoon, Sukanya Wattanapokayakit, Surakameth Mahasirimongkol, Angkana Charoenyingwattana, Wanvisa Udomsinprasert, Usa Chaikledkaew, Supharat Suvichapanich, Taisei Mushiroda, Sasisopin Kiertiburanakul, and et al. 2022. "The Association of HLA-B*35 and GSTT1 Genotypes and Hepatotoxicity in Thai People Living with HIV" Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 6: 940. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12060940