Prognostic Serum Biomarkers of Inflammaging in Patients Undergoing Emergency Laparotomy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participant Selection
2.2. Data Collection and Handling
2.3. Statistical Analysis
2.4. Ethical Statement
3. Results
3.1. Participant Characteristics
3.2. Clinical Frailty Scale, NELA Risk of Mortality and Actual Mortality
3.3. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
3.4. Lymphocyte Count
3.5. C-Reaction Protein, Total White Cell Count and Neutrophil Count
4. Discussion
4.1. Overview
4.2. Clinical Relevance and Future Application
4.3. C-Reactive Protein and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
4.4. Inflammaging in Surgery
4.5. Limitations and Further Considerations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Frequency (Percentage of Total) |
---|---|
Gender | |
Male | 83 (42.3%) |
Female | 113 (57.7%) |
Age (years) | |
65–74 | 98 (50.0%) |
75–84 | 73 (37.2%) |
85–94 | 25 (12.8%) |
Primary clinical feature(s) | |
Abdominal pain | 148 (75.5%) |
Nausea +/− vomiting | 72 (36.7%) |
Constipation | 47 (21.4%) |
Non-specifically unwell | 15 (7.7%) |
Abdominal distension | 12 (6.1%) |
Diarrhoea | 10 (5.1%) |
Haematochezia or melaena | 6 (3.1%) |
Diagnosis | |
Small bowel obstruction | 84 (41.8%) |
Perforation | 34 (17.3%) |
Complicated hernia | 29 (14.8%) |
Large bowel obstruction | 23 (11.7%) |
Ischaemic colitis | 6 (3.1%) |
Diverticular disease | 6 (3.1%) |
Unknown | 5 (2.6%) |
Volvulus | 2 (1.0%) |
Appendicitis | 2 (1.0%) |
Anastomotic leak (following previous surgery) | 2 (1.0%) |
Colorectal cancer | 2 (1.0%) |
Bile duct injury (following previous surgery) | 1 (0.5%) |
Past medical history | |
Chronic respiratory disease (COPD or asthma) | 52 (26.5%) |
Hypertension | 101 (51.5%) |
Ischaemic heart disease | 31 (15.8%) |
Atrial fibrillation | 28 (14.3%) |
Inflammatory bowel disease | 9 (4.6%) |
Diabetes mellitus | 35 (17.9%) |
Chronic kidney disease | 21 (10.7%) |
Cerebrovascular disease (stroke or TIA) | 23 (11.7%) |
Serological Parameter | Outcome | p-Value | Median (Elevated/Non-Elevated) |
---|---|---|---|
CRP > 5 | Critical care stay | p = 0.638 | 2 days:2 days |
Total hospital stay | p = 0.561 | 17 days:17 days | |
WCC > 11 | Critical care stay | p = 0.115 | 0 days:2 days |
Total hospital stay | p = 0.065 | 11 days:15 days | |
NC > 7.5 | Critical care stay | p = 0.325 | 0 days:2 days |
Total hospital stay | p = 0.336 | 11 days:15 days |
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George, M.; Mukherjee, R. Prognostic Serum Biomarkers of Inflammaging in Patients Undergoing Emergency Laparotomy. J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13, 769. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13050769
George M, Mukherjee R. Prognostic Serum Biomarkers of Inflammaging in Patients Undergoing Emergency Laparotomy. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2023; 13(5):769. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13050769
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeorge, Michael, and Rajarshi Mukherjee. 2023. "Prognostic Serum Biomarkers of Inflammaging in Patients Undergoing Emergency Laparotomy" Journal of Personalized Medicine 13, no. 5: 769. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13050769