The Role of Coronary CT Angiography in the Evaluation of Dual Left Anterior Descending Artery Prevalence and Subtypes: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. CT Scans
2.3. Image Evaluation
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Short LAD | Long LAD | |
---|---|---|
I | Originates from the LAD proper and terminates in the proximal AIS | Originates from the LAD proper, descends on LV side of the proximal AIS and terminates in the distal AIS |
II | Originates from the LAD proper and terminates in the proximal AIS | Originates from the LAD proper, descends on RV side of the proximal AIS and terminates in the distal AIS |
III | Originates from the LAD proper and terminates in the proximal AIS | Originates from the LAD proper and terminates in the proximal AIS or in the apical septum |
IV | Originates from the LMCA and terminates in the proximal AIS | Originates from RCA. courses along an anomalous prepulmonic course anterior to RVOT and reenters the distal AIS |
V | Originates from the LCS and terminates in the proximal AIS | Originates from RCS, courses along an intramyocardial course and emerges epicadilly to enter the distal AIS |
VI | Originates from the LMCA and terminates in the proximal AIS | Originates from the RCA, courses between the RVOT and the aortic root and emerges in distal AIS |
VII | Originates from the LAD proper and terminates in the proximal AIS | Originates from the LAD proper, courses along the LV side of proximal AIS and terminates in the distal AIS |
VIII | Originates from the LMCA and terminates in the proximal AIS | Originates from the Mid-RCA, courses along the RV and traverses the apex, terminating in the distal AIS |
IX | Originates from the LAD proper and terminates in the proximal AIS | Originates from the LAD proper, courses along the LV side of the AIS, enters the distal AIS and terminates before the apex |
X | Originates from the LMCA and terminates in the proximal AIS | Originates from RCS, courses along an anomalous prepulmonic course anterior to RVOT and reenters the distal AIS |
XI | Originates from RCS, takes an intramyocardial course and terminates in the proximal AIS | Originates from RCS, courses along an anomalous prepulmonic course anterior to RVOT and reenters the distal AIS |
XII | Originates from the LMCA (that originates from RCS) and terminates in the proximal AIS | Originates from the RCS, courses anterior to the main PA and terminates in the distal AIS |
XIII | / | Two long LADS, both of which leave the AIS and course out to the apex (one courses laterally so the other courses medially of the AIS) |
Characteristics | General Population (2080) | Dual LAD (124) | No Dual LAD (1956) |
---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (standard deviation) | 66.09 (DS 11.9) | 65.65 (DS 11.22) | 66.12 (DS 11.97) |
Female | 764 (36.70%) | 56 (45.16%) | 708 (36.20%) |
Male | 1316 (63.30%) | 68 (54.84%) | 1248 (63.80%) |
Indication for CCTA: | |||
Unstable angina | 20 (0.96%) | 1 (0.81%) | 19 (0.97%) |
Stable angina | 413 (19.86%) | 35 (28.23%) | 378 (19.33%) |
Preoperative work up | 47 (2.26%) | 4 (3.20%) | 43 (2.20%) |
Follow-up | 283 (13.61%) | 9 (7.26%) | 274 (14.01%) |
Screening test | 1299 (62.5%) | 75 (60.48%) | 1224 (62.58%) |
Other causes | 18 (0.86%) | 0 (0%) | 18 (0.86%) |
Cardiovascular risk factors: | |||
Hypertension | 1053 (50.63%) | 69 (55.65%) | 984 (50.31%) |
Smoking | 112(5.34%) | 10 (8.06%) | 102 (5.21%) |
CAD familiarity | 99(4.76%) | 12 (9.68%) | 87 (4.45%) |
Dyslipidemia | 29(1.39%) | 2 (1.61%) | 27 (1.38%) |
Significant stenosis (>50% diameter stenosis): | |||
Present | 426 (20.48%) | 19 (15.32%) | 407 (20.81%) |
Characteristic | Prevalence (%) |
---|---|
Patients with significant stenosis (>50%) | 22 (15.32) |
Single vessel disease | 13 (59.9) |
Double vessel disease | 2 (9.09) |
Triple vessel disease | 7 (31.82) |
LMCA involvement | 2 (10.53) |
CX involvement | 6 (31.58) |
RCA involvement | 12 (63.16) |
LAD involvement | 18 (94.73) |
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Maggialetti, N.; Greco, S.; Lorusso, G.; Mileti, C.; Sfregola, G.; Brunese, M.C.; Zappia, M.; Belfiore, M.P.; Sullo, P.; Reginelli, A.; et al. The Role of Coronary CT Angiography in the Evaluation of Dual Left Anterior Descending Artery Prevalence and Subtypes: A Retrospective Multicenter Study. J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13, 1127. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13071127
Maggialetti N, Greco S, Lorusso G, Mileti C, Sfregola G, Brunese MC, Zappia M, Belfiore MP, Sullo P, Reginelli A, et al. The Role of Coronary CT Angiography in the Evaluation of Dual Left Anterior Descending Artery Prevalence and Subtypes: A Retrospective Multicenter Study. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2023; 13(7):1127. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13071127
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaggialetti, Nicola, Sara Greco, Giovanni Lorusso, Cristiana Mileti, Gabriella Sfregola, Maria Chiara Brunese, Marcello Zappia, Maria Paola Belfiore, Pasquale Sullo, Alfonso Reginelli, and et al. 2023. "The Role of Coronary CT Angiography in the Evaluation of Dual Left Anterior Descending Artery Prevalence and Subtypes: A Retrospective Multicenter Study" Journal of Personalized Medicine 13, no. 7: 1127. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13071127
APA StyleMaggialetti, N., Greco, S., Lorusso, G., Mileti, C., Sfregola, G., Brunese, M. C., Zappia, M., Belfiore, M. P., Sullo, P., Reginelli, A., Lucarelli, N. M., & Scardapane, A. (2023). The Role of Coronary CT Angiography in the Evaluation of Dual Left Anterior Descending Artery Prevalence and Subtypes: A Retrospective Multicenter Study. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13(7), 1127. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13071127