Urolithin A Ameliorates the TGF Beta-Dependent Impairment of Podocytes Exposed to High Glucose
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Podocyte Culture and Treatment
2.2. Urolithin A
2.3. Podocyte Migration Assay
2.4. Immunofluorescence Staining and Confocal Microscopy
2.5. RNA Isolation and Reverse Transcription–Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR)
2.6. Protein Extraction and Western Blot Analysis
2.7. Flow Cytometry Analysis
2.8. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Urolithin A Inhibits the TGF-β1-Induced Downregulation of Nephrin
3.2. Urolithin A Inhibits Induced by High Glucose and TGF-β1 Migration of Podocytes
3.3. Integrin β3 Expression Is Modulated by Urolithin A
3.4. Urolithin A Modulates Fibronectin Expression
3.5. Urolithin A Affects the Expression of TGF-β Receptors
3.6. Urolithin A Reduces the TGF-β1-Dependent Smad2 Activation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lewko, B.; Wodzińska, M.; Daca, A.; Płoska, A.; Obremska, K.; Kalinowski, L. Urolithin A Ameliorates the TGF Beta-Dependent Impairment of Podocytes Exposed to High Glucose. J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14, 914. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14090914
Lewko B, Wodzińska M, Daca A, Płoska A, Obremska K, Kalinowski L. Urolithin A Ameliorates the TGF Beta-Dependent Impairment of Podocytes Exposed to High Glucose. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2024; 14(9):914. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14090914
Chicago/Turabian StyleLewko, Barbara, Milena Wodzińska, Agnieszka Daca, Agata Płoska, Katarzyna Obremska, and Leszek Kalinowski. 2024. "Urolithin A Ameliorates the TGF Beta-Dependent Impairment of Podocytes Exposed to High Glucose" Journal of Personalized Medicine 14, no. 9: 914. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14090914