The Variable Rotation Measure Distribution in 3C 273 on Parsec Scales
Abstract
:1. The Effect of Opacity on Polarization
2. New VLBA Images of 3C 273, and the Variable Transverse Gradients of Rotation Measure
3. The Current in the Jet
4. The Structure of the Magnetic Field in the Jet
5. How the Faraday Screen Changes with Distance from the Core
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Pacholczyk, A.G. Radio Astrophysics; W. H. Freeman: San Francisco, CA, USA, 1970; pp. 99–107. [Google Scholar]
- Burn, B.J. On the depolarization of discrete radio sources by Faraday dispersion. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 1966, 133, 67–83. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cioffi, D.F.; Jones, T.W. Internal Faraday rotation effects in transparent synchrotron sources. Astron. J. 1980, 85, 368–375. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cobb, W.K. Theoretical Studies of the Polarization and Variability of Inhomogeneous Relativistic Jets. Ph.D. Thesis, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA, 1993. [Google Scholar]
- Blandford, R.D.; Königl, A. Relativistic jets as compact radio sources. Astrophys. J. 1979, 232, 34–48. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lobanov, A.P. Ultracompact jets in active galactic nuclei. Astron. Astrophys. 1998, 330, 79–89. [Google Scholar]
- Pushkarev, A.B.; Hovatta, T.; Kovalev, Y.Y.; Lister, M.L.; Lobanov, A.P.; Savolainen, T.; Zensus, J.A. MOJAVE: Monitoring of Jets in Active galactic nuclei with VLBA Experiments. IX. Nuclear opacity. Astron. Astrophys. 2012, 545, 113–128. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Asada, K.; Inoue, M.; Uchida, Y.; Kameno, S.; Fujisawa, K.; Iguchi, S.; Mutoh, M. A Helical Magnetic Field in the Jet of 3C 273. Pub. Astron. Soc. Jpn. 2002, 54, L39–L43. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Asada, K.; Inoue, M. A follow-up RM observation for helical magnetic field in 3C273. In Proceedings of the 7th Symposium of the European VLBI Network on New Developments in VLBI Science and Technology, Toledo, Spain, 12–15 October 2004; Bachiller, R., Colomer, F., Desmurs, J.F., de Vicente, P., Eds.; Observatorio Astronomico Nacional of Spain: Madrid, Spain, 2004; pp. 65–68. [Google Scholar]
- Zavala, R.T.; Taylor, G.B. Faraday Rotation Measure Gradients from a Helical Magnetic Field in 3C 273. Astrophys. J. 2005, 626, L73–L76. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Attridge, J.M.; Wardle, J.F.C.; Homan, D.C. Concurrent 43 and 86 GHz Very Long Baseline Polarimetry of 3C 273. Astrophys. J. 2005, 633, L85–L88. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hovatta, T.; Lister, M.L.; Aller, M.F.; Aller, H.D.; Homan, D.C.; Kovalev, Y.Y.; Pushkarev, A.B.; Savolainen, T. Faraday rotation in the MOJAVE blazars: 3C 273 a case study. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2012, 355, 2008–2013. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gabuzda, D.C.; Roche, N.; Kirwan, A.; Knuettel, S.; Nagle, M.; Houston, C. Parsec scale Faraday-rotation structure across the jets of nine active galactic nuclei. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2017, 472, 1792–1801. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, T. VLBI and VSOP Study of Two Quasar Jets. Ph.D. Thesis, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA, 2005. [Google Scholar]
- The Mojave Program. Available online: http://www.physics.purdue.edu/astro/MOJAVE/sourcepages/1226+023.shtml (accessed on 3 January 2018).
- Hovatta, T.; Lister, M.L.; Aller, M.F.; Aller, H.D.; Homan, D.C.; Kovalev, Y.Y.; Pushkarev, A.B.; Savolainen, T. MOJAVE: Monitoring of Jets in Active Galactic Nuclei with VLBA Experiments. VIII. Faraday Rotation in Parsec-scale AGN Jets. Astron. J. 2012, 144, 105–139. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zavala, R.T.; Taylor, G.B. Time-Variable Faraday Rotation Measures of 3C 273 and 3C 279. Astrophys. J. 2001, 550, L147–L150. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Asada, K.; Inoue, M.; Kameno, S.; Nagai, H. Time Variation of the Rotation Measure Gradient in the 3C 273 Jet. Astrophys. J. 2008, 675, 79–82. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Romero, G.E.; Boettcher, M.; Markoff, S.; Tavecchio, F. MOJAVE. X. Parsec-scale Jet Orientation Variations and Superluminal Motion in Active Galactic Nuclei. Astron. J. 2013, 146, 120–142. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- The Mojave Program Available online:. Available online: http://www.physics.purdue.edu/astro/MOJAVE/animated/1226+023.i.mpg (accessed on 3 January 2018).
- Hovatta, T.; O’Sullivan, S.; Marti-Vidal, I.; Savolainen, T.; Tchekhovskoy, A. Astron. Astrophys. 2018. submitted.
- Zamaninasab, M.; Clausen-Brown, E.; Savolainen, T.; Tchekhovskoy, A. Dynamically important magnetic fields near accreting supermassive black holes. Nature 2014, 510, 126–128. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kronberg, P.P.; Lovelace, R.V.; Lapenta, G.; Colgate, S.A. Measurement of the Electric Current in a kpc-scale Jet. Astrophys. J. 2011, 741, L15–L18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Christodoulou, D.M.; Gabuzda, D.C.; Knuettel, S.; Contopoulos, I.; Kazanas, D.; Coughlan, C.P. Dominance of outflowing electric currents on decaparsec to kiloparsec scales in extragalactic jets. Astron. Astrophys. 2016, 591, A61–A71. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Contopoulos, I. Electric currents along astrophysical jets. Galaxies 2017, 5, 71. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Clausen-Brown, E.; Lyutikov, M.; Kharb, P. Signatures of large-scale magnetic fields in active galactic nuclei jets: Transverse asymmetries. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2011, 415, 2081–2092. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Laing, R.A.; Canvin, J.R.; Bridle, A.H. Magnetic fields in jets: Ordered or disordered? Astron. Nachr. 2006, 327, 523–526. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mizrahi, J. A Model for the Magnetic Field in the Jet of the Quasar 3C273. Bachelor’s Thesis, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA, Unpublished work. 2007. [Google Scholar]
- Marrone, D.P.; Moran, J.M.; Zhao, J.H.; Rao, R. An Unambiguous Detection of Faraday Rotation in Sagittarius A. Astrophys. J. 2007, 654, L57–L60. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fish, V.; Akiyama, K.; Bouman, K.L.; Chael, A.A.; Johnson, M.D.; Doeleman, S.S.; Blackburn, L.; Wardle, J.F.; Freeman, W.T. Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration. Observing—And Imaging—Active Galactic Nuclei with the Event Horizon Telescope. Galaxies 2016, 4, 54. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Date | Frequency GHz | Core Distance 1 Mas | Ridge RM Rad/m2 | RM Gradient Rad/m2/Mas | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1995.92 | 4.7–8.6 | 6 | 340 | 60 | [8] |
1997.07 | 8.1–43.2 | 5 | 500 | [17] | |
1999.26 | 8.1–22.2 | 3 | 489 | 185 | [14] |
1999.26 | 8.1–22.2 | 6.5 | 619 | 61 | [14] |
1999.37 | 8.1–22.2 | 3 | 679 | 207 | [14] |
1999.37 | 8.1–22.2 | 6.5 | 746 | 160 | [14] |
1999.74 | 8.1–22.2 | 3 | 497 | 170 | [14] |
1997.74 | 8.1–22.2 | 6.5 | 695 | 211 | [14] |
2000.04 | 8.1–22.2 | 3 | 358 | 137 | [14] |
2000.04 | 8.1–22.2 | 6.5 | 393 | 213 | [14] |
2000.07 | 12.1–22.2 | 5 | 750 | 600 | [10] |
2000.61 | 12.1–22.2 | 5 | 750 | 600 | [10] |
2002.35 | 43–86 | 0.8 | 16,000 | 140,000 | [11] |
2002.96 | 4.6–8.6 | 10 | 400 | 50 | [9] |
2002.96 | 4.6–8.6 | 14 | 325 | 35 | [9] |
2002.96 | 4.6–8.6 | 22 | 200 | 11 | [9] |
2006.19 | 8.1–15.3 | 3 | 0 | 450 | [15] |
2006.19 | 8.1–15.3 | 8 | −100 | 1600 | [15] |
2006.19 | 8.1–15.3 | 13.5 | 200 | 125 | [15] |
© 2018 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Wardle, J. The Variable Rotation Measure Distribution in 3C 273 on Parsec Scales. Galaxies 2018, 6, 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies6010005
Wardle J. The Variable Rotation Measure Distribution in 3C 273 on Parsec Scales. Galaxies. 2018; 6(1):5. https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies6010005
Chicago/Turabian StyleWardle, John. 2018. "The Variable Rotation Measure Distribution in 3C 273 on Parsec Scales" Galaxies 6, no. 1: 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies6010005
APA StyleWardle, J. (2018). The Variable Rotation Measure Distribution in 3C 273 on Parsec Scales. Galaxies, 6(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies6010005