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Article

Applying MOG to Lensing: Einstein Rings, Abell 520 and the Bullet Cluster

by
John W. Moffat
1,2,
Sohrab Rahvar
1,3 and
Viktor T. Toth
1,*
1
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada
2
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
3
Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9161 Tehran, Iran
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Galaxies 2018, 6(2), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies6020043
Submission received: 30 January 2018 / Revised: 16 March 2018 / Accepted: 19 March 2018 / Published: 2 April 2018
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Abstract

We investigate gravitational lensing in the context of the MOG modified theory of gravity. Using a formulation of the theory with no adjustable or fitted parameters, we present the MOG equations of motion for slow, nonrelativistic test particles and for ultrarelativistic test particles, such as rays of light. We demonstrate how the MOG prediction for the bending of light can be applied to astronomical observations. Our investigation first focuses on a small set of strong lensing observations where the properties of the lensing objects are found to be consistent with the predictions of the theory. We also present an analysis of the colliding clusters 1E0657-558 (known also as the Bullet Cluster) and Abell 520; in both cases, the predictions of the MOG theory are in good agreement with observation.
Keywords: modified gravity; MOG; gravitational lensing; Abell 520; Bullet Cluster modified gravity; MOG; gravitational lensing; Abell 520; Bullet Cluster

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MDPI and ACS Style

Moffat, J.W.; Rahvar, S.; Toth, V.T. Applying MOG to Lensing: Einstein Rings, Abell 520 and the Bullet Cluster. Galaxies 2018, 6, 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies6020043

AMA Style

Moffat JW, Rahvar S, Toth VT. Applying MOG to Lensing: Einstein Rings, Abell 520 and the Bullet Cluster. Galaxies. 2018; 6(2):43. https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies6020043

Chicago/Turabian Style

Moffat, John W., Sohrab Rahvar, and Viktor T. Toth. 2018. "Applying MOG to Lensing: Einstein Rings, Abell 520 and the Bullet Cluster" Galaxies 6, no. 2: 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies6020043

APA Style

Moffat, J. W., Rahvar, S., & Toth, V. T. (2018). Applying MOG to Lensing: Einstein Rings, Abell 520 and the Bullet Cluster. Galaxies, 6(2), 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies6020043

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