Plant-Based Oils for Sustainable Lubrication Solutions—Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Physicochemical Characteristics of Liquid Lubricants
3. Plant-Based Oils and Their Evaluation
4. Novel Approaches for Lubrication Property Improvements
4.1. TAG Estolides
4.2. Wax Esters
4.3. Erucic Acid
4.4. Nanomaterials
5. Conclusions and Perspectives
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Property | Mineral Oils | Synthetic (PAO) Oils | Plant-Based Oils |
---|---|---|---|
Density, kg·m−3 at 20 °C | 830 to 910 | 800 to 850 | 850 to 950 |
Viscosity index | 100 | 120 to 140 | 100 to 200 |
Shear stability | Good | Good | Good |
Pour point, °C | −15 | −73 to −30 | −20 to +10 |
Miscibility with mineral oils | n/a | Good | Good |
Solubility in water | No | No | No |
Oxidation stability | Good | Good | Moderate |
Biodegradability | Poor | Moderate | Good |
Oil | Density at 25 °C, kg/m3 | Kinematic Viscosity at 40 °C, cSt | Oxidation Stability at 110 °C, h | Cloud Point, °C | Flash Point, °C |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-edible oils | |||||
Karanja | 918 | 4.8 | 6 | 9 | 150 |
Castor | 898 | 15.25 | 1.2 | −14 | 260 |
Neem | 885 | 5.2 | 7.2 | −6 | 44 |
Jatropha | 878 | 4.82 | 2.3 | 3 | 136 |
Tobacco | 887 | 4.25 | 0.8 | n/a | 166 |
Mahua | 850 | 3.4 | n/a | n/a | 210 |
Edible oils | |||||
Coconut | 805 | 2.75 | 35.4 | 0 | 325 |
Sunflower | 878 | 4.45 | 0.9 | 3 | 252 |
Linseed | 890 | 3.74 | 0.2 | −4 | 178 |
Soybean | 885 | 4.05 | 2.1 | 1 | 325 |
Peanut | 882 | 4.92 | 2.1 | 5 | 177 |
Olive | 892 | 4.52 | 3.4 | n/a | 318 |
Rice bran | 886 | 4.95 | 0.5 | 0 | 318 |
Rape seed | 880 | 4.45 | 7.5 | −3 | 252 |
Palm | 875 | 5.72 | 4.0 | 13 | 165 |
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Berman, D. Plant-Based Oils for Sustainable Lubrication Solutions—Review. Lubricants 2024, 12, 300. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12090300
Berman D. Plant-Based Oils for Sustainable Lubrication Solutions—Review. Lubricants. 2024; 12(9):300. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12090300
Chicago/Turabian StyleBerman, Diana. 2024. "Plant-Based Oils for Sustainable Lubrication Solutions—Review" Lubricants 12, no. 9: 300. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12090300