Could 79 People Solarize the U.S. Electric Grid?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
- Why might multi-billionaires want to voluntarily give up their wealth to solarize the U.S.?
- What is the probability that multi-billionaires would be willing to make the required investment in solar even if they found the reasoning compelling?
- What are the primarily limitations of the methodology and assumptions made here that resulted in such a low number of individuals needing to give up their wealth to radically remake the U.S. electric grid?
4.1. Why Would a Multi-Billionaire Want to Invest in Solarizing the U.S.?
4.2. Probability of Solar Investment
4.3. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
2018 RANKING REAL TIME RANKING | |||
2018 World Rank | American Multi-Billionaires | Wealth (B US$) | Source of Wealth |
#1 | Jeff Bezos | 112 | Amazon |
#2 | Bill Gates | 90 | Microsoft |
#3 | Warren Buffett | 84 | Berkshire Hathaway |
#5 | Mark Zuckerberg | 71 | |
#8 | Charles Koch | 60 | Koch Industries |
#8 | David Koch | 60 | Koch Industries |
#10 | Larry Ellison | 58.5 | software |
#11 | Michael Bloomberg | 50 | Bloomberg LP |
#12 | Larry Page | 48.8 | |
#13 | Sergey Brin | 47.5 | |
#14 | Jim Walton | 46.4 | Walmart |
#15 | S. Robson Walton | 46.2 | Walmart |
#16 | Alice Walton | 46 | Walmart |
#21 | Sheldon Adelson | 38.5 | casinos |
#22 | Steve Ballmer | 38.4 | Microsoft |
#28 | Phil Knight | 29.6 | Nike |
#34 | Jacqueline Mars | 23.6 | candy, pet food |
#34 | John Mars | 23.6 | candy, pet food |
#39 | Michael Dell | 22.7 | Dell computers |
#44 | Paul Allen | 21.7 | Microsoft, investments |
#47 | Thomas Peterffy | 20.3 | discount brokerage |
#48 | Len Blavatnik | 20.2 | diversified |
#52 | James Simons | 20 | hedge funds |
#54 | Elon Musk | 19.9 | Tesla Motors |
#58 | Laurene Powell Jobs | 18.8 | Apple, Disney |
#67 | Ray Dalio | 17.7 | hedge funds |
#73 | Carl Icahn | 16.8 | investments |
#80 | Donald Bren | 16.3 | real estate |
#83 | Abigail Johnson | 15.9 | money management |
#83 | Lukas Walton | 15.9 | Walmart |
#94 | Rupert Murdoch | 15 | newspapers, TV network |
#100 | Harold Hamm | 14.1 | oil & gas |
#102 | Steve Cohen | 14 | hedge funds |
#102 | Dustin Moskovitz | 14 | |
#106 | Charles Ergen | 13.4 | satellite TV |
#106 | Eric Schmidt | 13.4 | |
#108 | Philip Anschutz | 13 | investments |
#108 | Jim Kennedy | 13 | media |
#108 | Blair Parry-Okeden | 13 | media, automotive |
#113 | Leonard Lauder | 12.9 | Estee Lauder |
#117 | Stephen Schwarzman | 12.6 | investments |
#121 | Donald Newhouse | 12.3 | media |
#132 | Andrew Beal | 11.6 | banks, real estate |
#134 | John Menard, Jr. | 11.5 | home improvement stores |
#138 | David Tepper | 11 | hedge funds |
#145 | Pierre Omidyar | 10.5 | eBay |
#152 | Ronald Perelman | 9.8 | leveraged buyouts |
#154 | Micky Arison | 9.7 | Carnival Cruises |
#158 | Thomas Frist, Jr. | 9.6 | health care |
#162 | Charles Schwab | 9.4 | discount brokerage |
#164 | Herbert Kohler, Jr. | 9.3 | plumbing fixtures |
#170 | Jan Koum | 9.1 | |
#172 | James Goodnight | 9 | software |
#172 | Ken Griffin | 9 | hedge funds |
#178 | James Chambers | 8.7 | media, automotive |
#178 | Katharine Rayner | 8.7 | media, automotive |
#178 | Margaretta Taylor | 8.7 | media, automotive |
#181 | Gordon Moore | 8.5 | Intel |
#183 | Stanley Kroenke | 8.3 | sports, real estate |
#186 | John Malone | 8.1 | cable television |
#190 | Carl Cook | 8 | medical devices |
#190 | David Geffen | 8 | movies, record labels |
#190 | George Soros | 8 | hedge funds |
#196 | Edward Johnson, III. | 7.9 | money management |
#198 | David Duffield | 7.8 | business software |
#198 | George Kaiser | 7.8 | oil & gas, banking |
#198 | Patrick Soon-Shiong | 7.8 | pharmaceuticals |
#205 | Stephen Ross | 7.6 | real estate |
#207 | Pauline MacMillan Keinath | 7.4 | Cargill |
#211 | Eli Broad | 7.3 | investments |
#211 | Sun Hongbin | 7.3 | real estate |
#211 | Christy Walton | 7.3 | Walmart |
#217 | Shahid Khan | 7.2 | auto parts |
#222 | John Doerr | 7.1 | venture capital |
#242 | David Green | 6.8 | retail |
#242 | Hank & Doug Meijer | 6.8 | supermarkets |
#251 | Brian Acton | 6.6 | |
#251 | Ann Walton Kroenke | 6.6 | Walmart |
#261 | Leon Black | 6.5 | private equity |
#261 | John Paulson | 6.5 | hedge funds |
#265 | David Shaw | 6.4 | hedge funds |
#265 | John A. Sobrato | 6.4 | real estate |
#274 | Daniel Gilbert | 6.3 | Quicken Loans |
#281 | Richard Kinder | 6.2 | pipelines |
#281 | Robert Kraft | 6.2 | New England Patriots |
#281 | Ralph Lauren | 6.2 | Ralph Lauren |
#287 | Les Wexner | 6.1 | retail |
#289 | Whitney MacMillan | 6 | Cargill |
#296 | Marijke Mars | 5.9 | candy, pet food |
#296 | Pamela Mars | 5.9 | candy, pet food |
#296 | Valerie Mars | 5.9 | candy, pet food |
#296 | Victoria Mars | 5.9 | candy, pet food |
#305 | Nancy Walton Laurie | 5.8 | Walmart |
#305 | Tom & Judy Love | 5.8 | retail & gas stations |
#305 | Robert Rowling | 5.8 | hotels, investments |
#305 | Dennis Washington | 5.8 | construction, mining |
#315 | David Sun | 5.7 | computer hardware |
#315 | John Tu | 5.7 | computer hardware |
#321 | Jensen Huang | 5.6 | semiconductors |
#321 | Charles Johnson | 5.6 | money management |
#321 | Jerry Jones | 5.6 | Dallas Cowboys |
#321 | Richard LeFrak | 5.6 | real estate |
#321 | Steven Rales | 5.6 | manufacturing |
#334 | Dannine Avara | 5.5 | pipelines |
#334 | Scott Duncan | 5.5 | pipelines |
#334 | Milane Frantz | 5.5 | pipelines |
#334 | Diane Hendricks | 5.5 | roofing |
#334 | Gabe Newell | 5.5 | videogames |
#334 | Randa Williams | 5.5 | pipelines |
#351 | Richard DeVos | 5.4 | Amway |
#351 | George Roberts | 5.4 | private equity |
#351 | Edward Roski, Jr. | 5.4 | real estate |
#365 | Jim Davis | 5.3 | New Balance |
#365 | David Filo | 5.3 | Yahoo |
#365 | Henry Kravis | 5.3 | private equity |
#372 | Israel Englander | 5.2 | hedge funds |
#372 | Marian Ilitch | 5.2 | pizza, sports team |
#372 | Bruce Kovner | 5.2 | hedge funds |
#372 | George Lucas | 5.2 | Star Wars |
#372 | Robert Rich, Jr. | 5.2 | frozen foods |
#382 | Bernard Marcus | 5.1 | Home Depot |
#382 | Fred Smith | 5.1 | FedEx |
#382 | Ronda Stryker | 5.1 | medical equipment |
#388 | Martha Ingram | 5 | book distribution, transportation |
#388 | Karen Pritzker | 5 | hotels, investments |
#404 | Robert Bass | 4.9 | oil, investments |
#404 | Marc Benioff | 4.9 | business software |
#404 | Charles Dolan | 4.9 | cable television |
#404 | Ray Lee Hunt | 4.9 | oil, real estate |
#404 | John Overdeck | 4.9 | hedge funds |
#404 | Sumner Redstone | 4.9 | media |
#404 | Reinhold Schmieding | 4.9 | medical devices |
#404 | David Siegel | 4.9 | hedge funds |
#404 | Sam Zell | 4.9 | real estate, private equity |
#422 | Bubba Cathy | 4.8 | Chick-fil-A |
#422 | Dan Cathy | 4.8 | Chick-fil-A |
#422 | Rupert Johnson, Jr. | 4.8 | money management |
#422 | Travis Kalanick | 4.8 | Uber |
#422 | Trevor Rees-Jones | 4.8 | oil & gas |
#422 | Jeff Skoll | 4.8 | eBay |
#422 | Daniel Ziff | 4.8 | investments |
#422 | Dirk Ziff | 4.8 | investments |
#422 | Robert Ziff | 4.8 | investments |
#441 | Stanley Druckenmiller | 4.7 | hedge funds |
#441 | Ted Lerner | 4.7 | real estate |
#441 | Gwendolyn Sontheim Meyer | 4.7 | Cargill |
#441 | J. Christopher Reyes | 4.7 | food distribution |
#441 | Jude Reyes | 4.7 | food distribution |
#441 | Sheldon Solow | 4.7 | real estate |
#456 | Jeremy Jacobs, Sr. | 4.6 | food service |
#456 | Chris Larsen | 4.6 | cryptocurrency |
#466 | Paul Tudor Jones, II. | 4.5 | hedge funds |
#466 | John Sall | 4.5 | software |
#466 | Leonard Stern | 4.5 | real estate |
#480 | Tamara Gustavson | 4.4 | self-storage |
#480 | John Morris | 4.4 | sporting goods retail |
#480 | Robert Smith | 4.4 | private equity |
#480 | Russ Weiner | 4.4 | energy drinks |
#499 | Rocco Commisso | 4.3 | telecom |
#499 | Tilman Fertitta | 4.3 | Houston Rockets, entertainment |
#499 | Terrence Pegula | 4.3 | natural gas |
#499 | Robert Pera | 4.3 | wireless networking gear |
#499 | Gary Rollins | 4.3 | pest control |
#499 | Randall Rollins | 4.3 | pest control |
#499 | Alejandro Santo Domingo | 4.3 | beer |
#499 | Andres Santo Domingo | 4.3 | beer |
#499 | Roger Wang | 4.3 | retail |
#514 | Stephen Bisciotti | 4.2 | staffing, Baltimore Ravens |
#514 | Austen Cargill, II. | 4.2 | Cargill |
#514 | James Cargill, II. | 4.2 | Cargill |
#514 | Archie Aldis Emmerson | 4.2 | timberland, lumber mills |
#514 | Marianne Liebmann | 4.2 | Cargill |
#514 | Bobby Murphy | 4.2 | Snapchat |
#514 | Igor Olenicoff | 4.2 | real estate |
#514 | Walter Scott, Jr. | 4.2 | utilities, telecom |
#514 | Clemmie Spangler, Jr. | 4.2 | investments |
#527 | Arthur Blank | 4.1 | Home Depot |
#527 | Jack Dangermond | 4.1 | mapping software |
#527 | James Jannard | 4.1 | sunglasses |
#527 | Isaac Perlmutter | 4.1 | Marvel comics |
#527 | H. Ross Perot, Sr. | 4.1 | computer services, real estate |
#527 | Thomas Pritzker | 4.1 | hotels, investments |
#527 | Julian Robertson, Jr. | 4.1 | hedge funds |
#527 | Evan Spiegel | 4.1 | Snapchat |
#527 | Kelcy Warren | 4.1 | pipelines |
#550 | Ben Ashkenazy | 4 | real estate |
#550 | Dagmar Dolby | 4 | Dolby Laboratories |
#550 | Dan Friedkin | 4 | Toyota dealerships |
#550 | Ronald Lauder | 4 | Estee Lauder |
#550 | Michael Moritz | 4 | venture capital |
#550 | Richard Schulze | 4 | Best Buy |
#550 | Jeff Sutton | 4 | real estate |
#572 | Rick Caruso | 3.9 | real estate |
#572 | Tom Gores | 3.9 | private equity |
#572 | Stewart and Lynda Resnick | 3.9 | agriculture, water |
#572 | Jerry Speyer | 3.9 | real estate |
#572 | Harry Stine | 3.9 | agriculture |
#572 | Steven Udvar-Hazy | 3.9 | aircraft leasing |
#588 | Nathan Blecharczyk | 3.8 | Airbnb |
#588 | Brian Chesky | 3.8 | Airbnb |
#588 | Joe Gebbia | 3.8 | Airbnb |
#588 | Jeff Greene | 3.8 | real estate, investments |
#588 | Robert McNair | 3.8 | energy, sports |
#588 | Ira Rennert | 3.8 | investments |
#588 | Henry Samueli | 3.8 | semiconductors |
#606 | Nick Caporella | 3.7 | beverages |
#606 | Mark Cuban | 3.7 | online media |
#606 | Ken Fisher | 3.7 | money management |
#606 | H. Fisk Johnson | 3.7 | cleaning products |
#606 | Imogene Powers Johnson | 3.7 | cleaning products |
#606 | S. Curtis Johnson | 3.7 | cleaning products |
#606 | Helen Johnson-Leipold | 3.7 | cleaning products |
#606 | Winifred Johnson-Marquart | 3.7 | cleaning products |
#606 | Michael Milken | 3.7 | investments |
#629 | Jeffery Hildebrand | 3.6 | oil |
#629 | Edward Johnson, IV. | 3.6 | money management |
#629 | Elizabeth Johnson | 3.6 | money management |
#629 | Peter Kellogg | 3.6 | investments |
#629 | Rodger Riney | 3.6 | discount brokerage |
#629 | Steven Spielberg | 3.6 | Movies |
#629 | Anita Zucker | 3.6 | chemicals |
#652 | Judy Faulkner | 3.5 | health IT |
#652 | Joshua Harris | 3.5 | private equity |
#652 | Douglas Leone | 3.5 | venture capital |
#652 | Anthony Pritzker | 3.5 | hotels, investments |
#652 | J.B. Pritzker | 3.5 | hotels, investments |
#652 | Mitchell Rales | 3.5 | manufacturing, investments |
#652 | Bernard Saul, II. | 3.5 | banking, real estate |
#652 | Donald Sterling | 3.5 | real estate |
#679 | Riley Bechtel | 3.4 | engineering, construction |
#679 | Stephen Bechtel, Jr. | 3.4 | engineering, construction |
#679 | Jimmy Haslam | 3.4 | gas stations, retail |
#679 | Min Kao | 3.4 | navigation equipment |
#679 | Steve Wynn | 3.4 | casinos, hotels |
#703 | John Arnold | 3.3 | hedge funds |
#703 | Sid Bass | 3.3 | oil, investments |
#703 | John Brown | 3.3 | medical equipment |
#703 | Charles Cohen | 3.3 | real estate |
#703 | Rakesh Gangwal | 3.3 | airline |
#703 | Reid Hoffman | 3.3 | |
#703 | Amos Hostetter, Jr. | 3.3 | cable television |
#703 | Ken Langone | 3.3 | investments |
#703 | George Lindemann | 3.3 | investments |
#703 | Mary Alice Dorrance Malone | 3.3 | Campbell Soup |
#703 | Henry Nicholas, III. | 3.3 | semiconductors |
#703 | Pat Stryker | 3.3 | medical equipment |
#729 | Neil Bluhm | 3.2 | real estate |
#729 | Andrew & Peggy Cherng | 3.2 | restaurants |
#729 | Scott Cook | 3.2 | software |
#729 | Leon G. Cooperman | 3.2 | hedge funds |
#729 | John Paul DeJoria | 3.2 | hair products, tequila |
#729 | Tom Golisano | 3.2 | payroll services |
#729 | Daniel Loeb | 3.2 | hedge funds |
#729 | Daniel Och | 3.2 | hedge funds |
#729 | Marc Rowan | 3.2 | private equity |
#729 | Haim Saban | 3.2 | TV network, investments |
#729 | Lynn Schusterman | 3.2 | oil & gas, investments |
#729 | Mark Shoen | 3.2 | U-Haul |
#729 | Meg Whitman | 3.2 | eBay |
#766 | John Catsimatidis | 3.1 | oil, real estate |
#766 | Do Won & Jin Sook Chang | 3.1 | fashion retail |
#766 | Barry Diller | 3.1 | online media |
#766 | Jack Dorsey | 3.1 | Twitter, Square |
#766 | Allan Goldman | 3.1 | real estate |
#766 | Jane Goldman | 3.1 | real estate |
#766 | Amy Goldman Fowler | 3.1 | real estate |
#766 | Diane Kemper | 3.1 | real estate |
#766 | James Leprino | 3.1 | cheese |
#766 | Richard Sands | 3.1 | Food & Beverage |
#766 | Donald Trump | 3.1 | television, real estate |
#766 | Romesh T. Wadhwani | 3.1 | software |
#791 | Clifford Asness | 3 | Investment Management |
#791 | Tom Benson | 3 | New Orleans Saints |
#791 | Jim Breyer | 3 | venture capital |
#791 | Valentin Gapontsev | 3 | lasers |
#791 | Johnelle Hunt | 3 | trucking |
#791 | John Middleton | 3 | tobacco |
#791 | Jorge Perez | 3 | real estate |
#791 | Jean (Gigi) Pritzker | 3 | hotels, investments |
#791 | Michael Rubin | 3 | online retail |
#791 | Robert Sands | 3 | Food & Beverage |
#791 | Herb Simon | 3 | real estate |
#791 | Don Vultaggio | 3 | AriZona Beverages |
#822 | Chuck Bundrant | 2.9 | fishing |
#822 | Gerald Ford | 2.9 | banking |
#822 | Joseph Grendys | 2.9 | poultry processing |
#822 | Randal Kirk | 2.9 | pharmaceuticals |
#822 | Jeff Rothschild | 2.9 | |
#822 | Thomas Siebel | 2.9 | business software |
#822 | Paul Singer | 2.9 | hedge funds |
#822 | Jon Stryker | 2.9 | medical equipment |
#822 | Vincent Viola | 2.9 | electronic trading |
#859 | William Conway, Jr. | 2.8 | private equity |
#859 | Daniel D’Aniello | 2.8 | private equity |
#859 | Jim Davis | 2.8 | staffing & recruiting |
#859 | Doris Fisher | 2.8 | Gap |
#859 | John Fisher | 2.8 | Gap |
#859 | Kieu Hoang | 2.8 | medical products |
#859 | H. Wayne Huizenga | 2.8 | investments |
#859 | Osman Kibar | 2.8 | biotech |
#859 | Penny Pritzker | 2.8 | hotels, investments |
#859 | David Rubenstein | 2.8 | private equity |
#859 | Mark Walter | 2.8 | finance |
#859 | William Wrigley, Jr. | 2.8 | chewing gum |
#859 | Mortimer Zuckerman | 2.8 | real estate, media |
#887 | Ray Davis | 2.7 | pipelines |
#887 | Edward DeBartolo, Jr. | 2.7 | shopping centers |
#887 | Bennett Dorrance | 2.7 | Campbell Soup |
#887 | Don Hankey | 2.7 | auto loans |
#887 | Reed Hastings | 2.7 | Netflix |
#887 | James Irsay | 2.7 | Indianapolis Colts |
#887 | Bob Parsons | 2.7 | web hosting |
#887 | Phil Ruffin | 2.7 | casinos, real estate |
#887 | Howard Schultz | 2.7 | Starbucks |
#887 | E. Joe Shoen | 2.7 | U-Haul |
#887 | Frank VanderSloot | 2.7 | nutrition and wellness products |
#887 | Ty Warner | 2.7 | real estate, plush toys |
#887 | Oprah Winfrey | 2.7 | TV shows |
#924 | David Bonderman | 2.6 | private equity |
#924 | Phillip Frost | 2.6 | pharmaceuticals |
#924 | B. Wayne Hughes | 2.6 | self-storage |
#924 | Stephen Mandel, Jr. | 2.6 | hedge funds |
#924 | Sean Parker | 2.6 | |
#924 | Jay Paul | 2.6 | real estate |
#924 | Patrick Ryan | 2.6 | insurance |
#924 | Thomas Secunda | 2.6 | Bloomberg LP |
#924 | Warren Stephens | 2.6 | investment banking |
#924 | Glen Taylor | 2.6 | printing |
#924 | Jerry Yang | 2.6 | Yahoo |
#965 | Edward Bass | 2.5 | oil, investments |
#965 | Lee Bass | 2.5 | oil, investments |
#965 | Bert Beveridge | 2.5 | vodka |
#965 | George Bishop | 2.5 | oil & gas |
#965 | Norman Braman | 2.5 | art, car dealerships |
#965 | Kenneth Feld | 2.5 | circus, live entertainment |
#965 | Noam Gottesman | 2.5 | hedge funds |
#965 | Jonathan Gray | 2.5 | investments |
#965 | John Henry | 2.5 | sports |
#965 | Aerin Lauder | 2.5 | cosmetics |
#965 | Jane Lauder | 2.5 | cosmetics |
#965 | Jeffrey Lorberbaum | 2.5 | flooring |
#965 | Joe Mansueto | 2.5 | investment research |
#965 | C. Dean Metropoulos | 2.5 | investments |
#965 | Arturo Moreno | 2.5 | billboards, Anaheim Angels |
#965 | Richard Peery | 2.5 | real estate |
#965 | Larry Robbins | 2.5 | hedge funds |
#965 | Charles Simonyi | 2.5 | Microsoft |
#965 | Mark Stevens | 2.5 | venture capital |
#965 | Peter Thiel | 2.5 | Facebook, Palantir |
#965 | Elaine Wynn | 2.5 | casinos, hotels |
#965 | Denise York | 2.5 | San Francisco 49ers |
#965 | David Zalik | 2.5 | financial technology |
#1020 | George Argyros | 2.4 | real estate, investments |
#1020 | John Arrillaga | 2.4 | real estate |
#1020 | Peter Buck | 2.4 | Subway sandwich shops |
#1020 | Drayton McLane, Jr. | 2.4 | Walmart, logistics |
#1020 | Daniel Pritzker | 2.4 | hotels, investments |
#1020 | John Pritzker | 2.4 | hotels, investments |
#1020 | Eric Smidt | 2.4 | hardware stores |
#1020 | Alexander Spanos | 2.4 | real estate, Los Angeles Chargers |
#1070 | David Gottesman | 2.3 | investments |
#1070 | Bill Haslam | 2.3 | truck stops |
#1070 | W. Herbert Hunt | 2.3 | oil |
#1070 | Bradley Jacobs | 2.3 | logistics |
#1070 | Brad Kelley | 2.3 | tobacco |
#1070 | Vinod Khosla | 2.3 | venture capital |
#1070 | Clayton Mathile | 2.3 | pet food |
#1070 | J. Joe Ricketts | 2.3 | TD Ameritrade |
#1070 | Dan Snyder | 2.3 | Washington Redskins |
#1070 | John Tyson | 2.3 | food processing |
#1103 | Ron Baron | 2.2 | money management |
#1103 | Timothy Boyle | 2.2 | Columbia Sportswear |
#1103 | Chase Coleman, III. | 2.2 | hedge fund |
#1103 | Jim Coulter | 2.2 | private equity |
#1103 | Frank Fertitta, III. | 2.2 | casinos, mixed martial arts |
#1103 | Lorenzo Fertitta | 2.2 | casinos, mixed martial arts |
#1103 | Ernest Garcia, II. | 2.2 | used cars |
#1103 | Stanley Hubbard | 2.2 | DirecTV |
#1103 | Thomas Lee | 2.2 | private equity |
#1103 | Eric Lefkofsky | 2.2 | Groupon |
#1103 | Phillip T. (Terry) Ragon | 2.2 | health IT |
#1103 | Stewart Rahr | 2.2 | drug distribution |
#1103 | T. Denny Sanford | 2.2 | banking, credit cards |
#1103 | Julio Mario Santo Domingo, III. | 2.2 | beer |
#1103 | Ted Turner | 2.2 | cable television |
#1103 | William Young | 2.2 | plastics |
#1157 | Leslie Alexander | 2.1 | sports team |
#1157 | Todd Christopher | 2.1 | hair care products |
#1157 | Gordon Getty | 2.1 | Getty Oil |
#1157 | Alec Gores | 2.1 | private equity |
#1157 | Catherine Lozick | 2.1 | valve manufacturing |
#1157 | David Murdock | 2.1 | Dole, real estate |
#1157 | H. Ross Perot, Jr. | 2.1 | real estate |
#1157 | Tor Peterson | 2.1 | commodities |
#1157 | Kavitark Ram Shriram | 2.1 | venture capital, Google |
#1157 | David Walentas | 2.1 | real estate |
#1157 | Ronald Wanek | 2.1 | furniture |
#1215 | S. Daniel Abraham | 2 | Slim-Fast |
#1215 | Ron Burkle | 2 | supermarkets, investments |
#1215 | James Clark | 2 | Netscape, investments |
#1215 | Christopher Cline | 2 | coal |
#1215 | Alexandra Daitch | 2 | Cargill |
#1215 | Glenn Dubin | 2 | hedge funds |
#1215 | Robert Duggan | 2 | pharmaceuticals |
#1215 | Thomas Hagen | 2 | insurance |
#1215 | Bruce Karsh | 2 | private equity |
#1215 | Henry Laufer | 2 | hedge funds |
#1215 | Jeffrey Lurie | 2 | Philadelphia Eagles |
#1215 | Sarah MacMillan | 2 | Cargill |
#1215 | Howard Marks | 2 | private equity |
#1215 | Jonathan Nelson | 2 | private equity |
#1215 | Peter Peterson | 2 | investments |
#1215 | Antony Ressler | 2 | finance |
#1215 | Rodney Sacks | 2 | energy drinks |
#1215 | Brian Sheth | 2 | investments |
#1215 | Lucy Stitzer | 2 | Cargill |
#1215 | Katherine Tanner | 2 | Cargill |
#1215 | Amy Wyss | 2 | medical equipment |
#1215 | Jon Yarbrough | 2 | video games |
#1215 | Charles Zegar | 2 | Bloomberg LP |
#1284 | James Dinan | 1.9 | hedge funds |
#1284 | Bill Gross | 1.9 | investments |
#1284 | Jeffrey Gundlach | 1.9 | investments |
#1284 | Jennifer Pritzker | 1.9 | hotels, investments |
#1284 | Alan Trefler | 1.9 | software |
#1284 | Evan Williams | 1.9 | |
#1339 | Nicolas Berggruen | 1.8 | investments |
#1339 | James France | 1.8 | Nascar, racing |
#1339 | Stewart Horejsi | 1.8 | Berkshire Hathaway |
#1339 | Hamilton James | 1.8 | investments |
#1339 | John Kapoor | 1.8 | healthcare |
#1339 | William Lauder | 1.8 | Estee Lauder |
#1339 | Linda Pritzker | 1.8 | hotels, investments |
#1339 | Brian Roberts | 1.8 | Comcast |
#1339 | William Stone | 1.8 | software |
#1394 | Herbert Allen, Jr. | 1.7 | investment banking |
#1394 | John Farber | 1.7 | chemicals |
#1394 | Robert Fisher | 1.7 | Gap |
#1394 | William Fisher | 1.7 | Gap |
#1394 | Timothy Headington | 1.7 | oil & gas, investments |
#1394 | Jim Justice, II. | 1.7 | coal |
#1394 | William Koch | 1.7 | oil, investments |
#1394 | Marc Lasry | 1.7 | hedge funds |
#1394 | David Lichtenstein | 1.7 | real estate |
#1394 | Craig McCaw | 1.7 | telecom |
#1394 | Miguel McKelvey | 1.7 | WeWork |
#1394 | Vincent McMahon | 1.7 | Entertainment |
#1394 | Gary Michelson | 1.7 | medical patents |
#1394 | Jerry Moyes | 1.7 | transportation |
#1394 | Charles Munger | 1.7 | Berkshire Hathaway |
#1394 | Nelson Peltz | 1.7 | investments |
#1394 | Roger Penske | 1.7 | cars |
#1394 | Henry Swieca | 1.7 | hedge funds |
#1394 | Todd Wagner | 1.7 | online media |
#1477 | Bill Austin | 1.6 | hearing aids |
#1477 | Louis Bacon | 1.6 | hedge funds |
#1477 | William Berkley | 1.6 | insurance |
#1477 | Aneel Bhusri | 1.6 | business software |
#1477 | O. Francis Biondi | 1.6 | hedge funds |
#1477 | David Booth | 1.6 | mutual funds |
#1477 | Steve Conine | 1.6 | online retail |
#1477 | Stephen Feinberg | 1.6 | private equity |
#1477 | Paul Foster | 1.6 | oil refining |
#1477 | Mario Gabelli | 1.6 | money management |
#1477 | Christopher Goldsbury | 1.6 | salsa |
#1477 | Brian Higgins | 1.6 | hedge funds |
#1477 | Michael Jordan | 1.6 | Charlotte Hornets, endorsements |
#1477 | Edward Lampert | 1.6 | Sears |
#1477 | Thai Lee | 1.6 | IT provider |
#1477 | Billy Joe (Red) McCombs | 1.6 | real estate, oil, cars, sports |
#1477 | Manuel Moroun | 1.6 | transportation |
#1477 | Sheryl Sandberg | 1.6 | |
#1477 | Niraj Shah | 1.6 | online retail |
#1477 | Ben Silbermann | 1.6 | |
#1477 | Thomas Steyer | 1.6 | hedge funds |
#1477 | Charlotte Colket Weber | 1.6 | Campbell Soup |
#1561 | Bill Alfond | 1.5 | shoes |
#1561 | Susan Alfond | 1.5 | shoes |
#1561 | Ted Alfond | 1.5 | shoes |
#1561 | Carol Jenkins Barnett | 1.5 | Publix supermarkets |
#1561 | Martha Ford | 1.5 | Ford Motor |
#1561 | Richard Hayne | 1.5 | Urban Outfitters |
#1561 | Seth Klarman | 1.5 | investments |
#1561 | Eren Ozmen | 1.5 | aerospace |
#1561 | Fatih Ozmen | 1.5 | aerospace |
#1561 | Mark Pincus | 1.5 | online games |
#1561 | Kevin Plank | 1.5 | Under Armour |
#1561 | Nicholas Pritzker, II. | 1.5 | hotels, investments |
#1561 | Fayez Sarofim | 1.5 | money management |
#1561 | Kevin Systrom | 1.5 | |
#1561 | Jim Thompson | 1.5 | logistics |
#1561 | Jonathan Tisch | 1.5 | insurance, NFL team |
#1561 | Kenneth Tuchman | 1.5 | outsourcing |
#1650 | Herb Chambers | 1.4 | car dealerships |
#1650 | John Edson | 1.4 | leisure craft |
#1650 | David Einhorn | 1.4 | hedge funds |
#1650 | Victor Fung | 1.4 | trading company |
#1650 | Alan Gerry | 1.4 | cable television |
#1650 | J. Tomilson Hill | 1.4 | investments |
#1650 | George Joseph | 1.4 | insurance |
#1650 | Michael Krasny | 1.4 | retail |
#1650 | James Leininger | 1.4 | medical products |
#1650 | Gary Magness | 1.4 | cable TV, investments |
#1650 | Forrest Preston | 1.4 | health care |
#1650 | Jerry Reinsdorf | 1.4 | sports teams |
#1650 | Evgeny (Eugene) Shvidler | 1.4 | oil & gas, investments |
#1650 | Peter Sperling | 1.4 | education |
#1650 | Kenny Troutt | 1.4 | telecom |
#1650 | Dan Wilks | 1.4 | natural gas |
#1650 | Farris Wilks | 1.4 | natural gas |
#1650 | Richard Yuengling, Jr. | 1.4 | beer |
#1756 | Edmund Ansin | 1.3 | television |
#1756 | Steve Case | 1.3 | AOL |
#1756 | Darwin Deason | 1.3 | Xerox |
#1756 | Jamie Dimon | 1.3 | banking |
#1756 | Anne Gittinger | 1.3 | Nordstrom department stores |
#1756 | Irwin Jacobs | 1.3 | semiconductors |
#1756 | Mitchell Jacobson | 1.3 | industrial equipment |
#1756 | Alexander Karp | 1.3 | software firm |
#1756 | Sidney Kimmel | 1.3 | retail |
#1756 | Rodney Lewis | 1.3 | natural gas |
#1756 | Cargill MacMillan, III. | 1.3 | Cargill |
#1756 | John MacMillan | 1.3 | Cargill |
#1756 | Martha MacMillan | 1.3 | Cargill |
#1756 | William MacMillan | 1.3 | Cargill |
#1756 | Craig Newmark | 1.3 | Craigslist |
#1756 | Bruce Nordstrom | 1.3 | Nordstrom department stores |
#1756 | Alexander Rovt | 1.3 | fertilizer, real estate |
#1756 | Leonard Schleifer | 1.3 | pharmaceuticals |
#1756 | Wilma Tisch | 1.3 | diversified |
#1756 | Jayshree Ullal | 1.3 | computer networking |
#1756 | Stephen Winn | 1.3 | real estate services |
#1867 | Marc Andreessen | 1.2 | venture capital investing |
#1867 | Thomas Bailey | 1.2 | money management |
#1867 | Charles Brandes | 1.2 | money management |
#1867 | Henry Engelhardt | 1.2 | insurance |
#1867 | Donald Foss | 1.2 | auto loans |
#1867 | Robert Friedland | 1.2 | mining |
#1867 | Donald Friese | 1.2 | manufacturing |
#1867 | Ryan Graves | 1.2 | uber |
#1867 | B. Wayne Hughes, Jr. | 1.2 | storage facilities |
#1867 | Thomas James | 1.2 | finance |
#1867 | Gail Miller | 1.2 | basketball, car dealers |
#1867 | Michael Price | 1.2 | investments |
#1867 | Lynsi Snyder | 1.2 | In-N-Out Burger |
#1867 | Thomas Tull | 1.2 | movies |
#1867 | Alfred West, Jr. | 1.2 | money management |
#1999 | William Ackman | 1.1 | hedge funds |
#1999 | J. Hyatt Brown | 1.1 | insurance |
#1999 | Bharat Desai | 1.1 | IT consulting |
#1999 | Joseph Edelman | 1.1 | hedge funds |
#1999 | Paul Fireman | 1.1 | Reebok |
#1999 | J. Christopher Flowers | 1.1 | investments |
#1999 | Drew Houston | 1.1 | cloud storage service |
#1999 | Richard Kayne | 1.1 | investments |
#1999 | Isaac Larian | 1.1 | toys |
#1999 | Frank Laukien | 1.1 | scientific equipment |
#1999 | Nancy Lerner | 1.1 | banking, credit cards |
#1999 | Norma Lerner | 1.1 | banking |
#1999 | Randolph Lerner | 1.1 | banking, credit cards |
#1999 | William Macaulay | 1.1 | energy investments |
#1999 | John Martin | 1.1 | pharmaceuticals |
#1999 | Andrea Reimann-Ciardelli | 1.1 | consumer goods |
#1999 | Chris Sacca | 1.1 | venture capital investing |
#1999 | Michael Steinhardt | 1.1 | hedge funds |
#1999 | Laurie Tisch | 1.1 | insurance, NFL team |
#1999 | Steven Tisch | 1.1 | insurance |
#1999 | James Truchard | 1.1 | software |
568 people | Billions total in wealth | 3079.7 |
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1 | In the U.S. in 2018, the average CEO of the S&P 500 Index firms was paid 361 times the wages earned by the average worker [3]. Interestingly, CEOs are often rewarded economically, even when the are objectively ineffective, with pay, bonuses, and “golden parachutes” worth on average $48 million (e.g., the roughly 40% who were the top 25 highest paid in 20 years whose companies failed, went bankrupt, paid millions of dollars in fines for fraud, or received taxpayer bailouts [4]). It should be pointed out that there is no evidence that even the 60% of top paid executives, who were not objective failures, were able to provide material value to their companies or society from the work they performed (e.g., analysis and decision making from themselves, not their subordinates) equivalent to the value of their remuneration. |
Cumulative Number of Investors | American Multi-Billionaires | Wealth Total -$1B [B US$] | Cumulative Excess Wealth [B US$] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Jeff Bezos | 111 | 111 |
2 | Bill Gates | 89 | 200 |
3 | Warren Buffett | 83 | 283 |
4 | Mark Zuckerberg | 70 | 353 |
5 | Charles Koch | 59 | 412 |
6 | David Koch | 59 | 471 |
7 | Larry Ellison | 57.5 | 528.5 |
8 | Michael Bloomberg | 49 | 577.5 |
9 | Larry Page | 47.8 | 625.3 |
10 | Sergey Brin | 46.5 | 671.8 |
11 | Jim Walton | 45.4 | 717.2 |
12 | S. Robson Walton | 45.2 | 762.4 |
13 | Alice Walton | 45 | 807.4 |
14 | Sheldon Adelson | 37.5 | 844.9 |
15 | Steve Ballmer | 37.4 | 882.3 |
16 | Phil Knight | 28.6 | 910.9 |
17 | Jacqueline Mars | 22.6 | 933.5 |
18 | John Mars | 22.6 | 956.1 |
19 | Michael Dell | 21.7 | 977.8 |
20 | Paul Allen | 20.7 | 998.5 |
21 | Thomas Peterffy | 19.3 | 1017.8 |
22 | Len Blavatnik | 19.2 | 1037 |
23 | James Simons | 19 | 1056 |
24 | Elon Musk | 18.9 | 1074.9 |
25 | Laurene Powell Jobs | 17.8 | 1092.7 |
26 | Ray Dalio | 16.7 | 1109.4 |
27 | Carl Icahn | 15.8 | 1125.2 |
28 | Donald Bren | 15.3 | 1140.5 |
29 | Abigail Johnson | 14.9 | 1155.4 |
30 | Lukas Walton | 14.9 | 1170.3 |
31 | Rupert Murdoch | 14 | 1184.3 |
32 | Harold Hamm | 13.1 | 1197.4 |
33 | Steve Cohen | 13 | 1210.4 |
34 | Dustin Moskovitz | 13 | 1223.4 |
35 | Charles Ergen | 12.4 | 1235.8 |
36 | Eric Schmidt | 12.4 | 1248.2 |
37 | Philip Anschutz | 12 | 1260.2 |
38 | Jim Kennedy | 12 | 1272.2 |
39 | Blair Parry-Okeden | 12 | 1284.2 |
40 | Leonard Lauder | 11.9 | 1296.1 |
41 | Stephen Schwarzman | 11.6 | 1307.7 |
42 | Donald Newhouse | 11.3 | 1319 |
43 | Andrew Beal | 10.6 | 1329.6 |
44 | John Menard, Jr. | 10.5 | 1340.1 |
45 | David Tepper | 10 | 1350.1 |
46 | Pierre Omidyar | 9.5 | 1359.6 |
47 | Ronald Perelman | 8.8 | 1368.4 |
48 | Micky Arison | 8.7 | 1377.1 |
49 | Thomas Frist, Jr. | 8.6 | 1385.7 |
50 | Charles Schwab | 8.4 | 1394.1 |
51 | Herbert Kohler, Jr. | 8.3 | 1402.4 |
52 | Jan Koum | 8.1 | 1410.5 |
53 | James Goodnight | 8 | 1418.5 |
54 | Ken Griffin | 8 | 1426.5 |
55 | James Chambers | 7.7 | 1434.2 |
56 | Katharine Rayner | 7.7 | 1441.9 |
57 | Margaretta Taylor | 7.7 | 1449.6 |
58 | Gordon Moore | 7.5 | 1457.1 |
59 | Stanley Kroenke | 7.3 | 1464.4 |
60 | John Malone | 7.1 | 1471.5 |
61 | Carl Cook | 7 | 1478.5 |
62 | David Geffen | 7 | 1485.5 |
63 | George Soros | 7 | 1492.5 |
64 | Edward Johnson, III. | 6.9 | 1499.4 |
65 | David Duffield | 6.8 | 1506.2 |
66 | George Kaiser | 6.8 | 1513 |
67 | Patrick Soon-Shiong | 6.8 | 1519.8 |
68 | Stephen Ross | 6.6 | 1526.4 |
69 | Pauline MacMillan Keinath | 6.4 | 1532.8 |
70 | Eli Broad | 6.3 | 1539.1 |
71 | Sun Hongbin | 6.3 | 1545.4 |
72 | Christy Walton | 6.3 | 1551.7 |
73 | Shahid Khan | 6.2 | 1557.9 |
74 | John Doerr | 6.1 | 1564 |
75 | David Green | 5.8 | 1569.8 |
76 | Hank & Doug Meijer | 5.8 | 1575.6 |
77 | Brian Acton | 5.6 | 1581.2 |
78 | Ann Walton Kroenke | 5.6 | 1586.8 |
79 | Leon Black | 5.5 | 1592.3 |
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Pearce, J.M.; Prehoda, E. Could 79 People Solarize the U.S. Electric Grid? Societies 2019, 9, 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc9010026
Pearce JM, Prehoda E. Could 79 People Solarize the U.S. Electric Grid? Societies. 2019; 9(1):26. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc9010026
Chicago/Turabian StylePearce, Joshua M., and Emily Prehoda. 2019. "Could 79 People Solarize the U.S. Electric Grid?" Societies 9, no. 1: 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc9010026
APA StylePearce, J. M., & Prehoda, E. (2019). Could 79 People Solarize the U.S. Electric Grid? Societies, 9(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc9010026