Recycling Strategies for Ceramic All-Solid-State Batteries—Part I: Study on Possible Treatments in Contrast to Li-Ion Battery Recycling
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cell Concept
2.2. Assembling Process
2.3. Material Demand
3. Recycling Approach
- Scenario 1
- Scenario 2
4. Conclusions
5. Outlook
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cell Number | Cathode Materials | Energy Density (Wh/kg) |
---|---|---|
1.1 | LLZ + LCO | 309 |
1.2 | LLZ + NMC | 406 |
2.1 | LATP + LCO | 352 |
2.2 | LATP + NMC | 463 |
World Production (T) | Material Demand for 1 TWh ASB in 105 T | Share (%) on Current World Production in 2030 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cell 1.1 | Cell 1.2 | Cell 2.1 | Cell 2.2 | Cell 1.1 | Cell 1.2 | Cell 2.1 | Cell 2.2 | ||
LI | 77,000 [60] | 1.93 | 1.47 | 1.57 | 1.19 | 251 | 191 | 204 | 155 |
NI | 2,700,000 [60] | − | 6.35 | − | 6.35 | − | 24 | − | 24 |
CO | 140,000 [60] | 10.56 | 0.80 | 10.56 | 0.80 | 755 | 57 | 754 | 57 |
MN | 15,414,509 [61] 53,000,000 a [62] | − | 0.74 | − | 0.74 | − | 0.5 | − | 0.5 |
AL | 64,000,000 [60] | 0.93 | 0.72 | 1.11 | 0.86 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
TI | 4,394,500 [62] | − | − | 0.95 | 0.73 | − | − | 2.2 | 1.7 |
P | 36,650,402 [61] | − | − | 1.23 | 0.95 | − | − | 0.34 | 0.26 |
LA | 56,700 b [60] | 5.11 | 3.95 | 0.85 | 0.66 | 901 | 697 | 150 | 116 |
ZR | 112,471 c [62] | 1.79 | 1.39 | 0.30 | 0.23 | 159 | 123 | 27 | 20 |
TA | 1800 [60] | 0.89 | 0.69 | 0.15 | 0.11 | 4928 | 3816 | 833 | 611 |
CU | 20,000,000 [60] | 3.07 | 2.38 | 3.07 | 2.38 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.2 |
Criteria of Scenario | Scenario 1 | Scenario 2 |
---|---|---|
Characteristics | LLZ is fully dissolved | Only Li is dissolved, the other LLZ components remain solid |
Leaching conditions | High temperature/aggressive leaching | Moderate leaching |
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Schwich, L.; Küpers, M.; Finsterbusch, M.; Schreiber, A.; Fattakhova-Rohlfing, D.; Guillon, O.; Friedrich, B. Recycling Strategies for Ceramic All-Solid-State Batteries—Part I: Study on Possible Treatments in Contrast to Li-Ion Battery Recycling. Metals 2020, 10, 1523. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10111523
Schwich L, Küpers M, Finsterbusch M, Schreiber A, Fattakhova-Rohlfing D, Guillon O, Friedrich B. Recycling Strategies for Ceramic All-Solid-State Batteries—Part I: Study on Possible Treatments in Contrast to Li-Ion Battery Recycling. Metals. 2020; 10(11):1523. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10111523
Chicago/Turabian StyleSchwich, Lilian, Michael Küpers, Martin Finsterbusch, Andrea Schreiber, Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing, Olivier Guillon, and Bernd Friedrich. 2020. "Recycling Strategies for Ceramic All-Solid-State Batteries—Part I: Study on Possible Treatments in Contrast to Li-Ion Battery Recycling" Metals 10, no. 11: 1523. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10111523