Influences of a Hot-Working Process on the Microstructural Evolution and Creep Performance of a Spray-Formed Nickel-Based Superalloy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Creep Properties and Creep Characteristics
3.2. Creep Microstructure Characteristics
3.3. Creep Fracture Characteristics
4. Discussion
4.1. Dislocation Configuration and Creep Deformation Mechanism
4.2. Creep Damage and Endurance Life Prediction
5. Conclusions
- Under the creep condition of 705 °C/897 MPa, the creep rupture time and strain of the IFed alloy are about 24.6 h and 5.8% higher, respectively, compared with that of the HIPed alloy, and the endurance life of the former is 1.4 times longer than that of the latter.
- There is only one size of the cubic shaped tertiary γ′ precipitates in the HIPed alloy after creep. The phenomenon of coarsening and growing of tertiary γ′ precipitates is obvious. Some secondary γ′ precipitates coarsen to form raft structures.
- There are two sizes of tertiary γ′ precipitates in the IFed alloy after creep. The division and coarsening of the big tertiary γ′ precipitates occurred simultaneously. Part of the big tertiary γ′ precipitates coarsened to form raft structures, with a cubic shape, that are mainly distributed in the grains. The small tertiary γ′ precipitates coarsened and were distributed in the phase boundary between the primary and secondary γ′ precipitates and the matrix. After creep, the secondary γ′ precipitates are distributed in the grains, but no raft structure of secondary γ′ precipitates is observed.
- The fracture source areas of both HIP and IFed alloys demonstrate intergranular fracture characteristics. The difference is that the cracks in the HIPed alloy usually initiate at the trigeminal intersection of the grain boundaries and produce wedge-shaped cracks. However, the IFed alloy has serrated, curved grain boundaries, which allows cavity cracks to more easily germinate at the grain boundary and carbide interfaces.
- Under the condition of 705 °C and 897 MPa, the creep deformation mechanism of both HIPed and IFed alloys is dislocation and the stacking fault cutting the γ′ precipitate. Continuous wide stacking faults running through the γ matrix and γ′ precipitate are present in both alloys.
- The creep properties of the FGH100L alloy is sensitive to stress and temperature. Under the condition of 705 °C/690–897 MPa, the stress exponent n of the IFed alloy is 16.33. Under the condition of 897 MPa/650–750 °C, the creep activation energy Qc of the IFed alloy is 339.35 kJ/mol.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Preparation Process | Temperature (°C) | Stress (MPa) | Rupture Life (h) | Strain (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
HIP | 705 | 897 | 56.96 | 16.0 |
HIP + IF | 750 | 450 | 629.18 | 37.1 |
705 | 690 | 1286.27 | 24.9 | |
793 | 290.46 | 7.2 | ||
897 | 81.54 | 21.9 |
Preparation Process | Test Conditions | Stress-Rupture Life (h) | Elongation (%) |
---|---|---|---|
HIP | 705 °C/897 MPa | 47.8 | 12 |
HIP + IF | 705 °C/897 MPa | 66.5 | 14 |
Preparation Process | Average Density/(g·cm−3) | Relative Density/% |
---|---|---|
SF | – | 97.33 |
HIP | 8.23 | 98.44 |
HIP+IF | 8.29 | 99.16 |
Process | Before Creep | After Creep | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grain Size | Primary γ′ | Secondary γ′ | Tertiary γ′ | Grain Size | Primary γ′ | Secondary γ′ | Tertiary γ′ | |
HIP | 40.73 μm | 1.98 μm | 0.84 μm | B-tertiary γ′ 0.14 μm; S-tertiary γ′ 0.06 μm | 54.44 μm | 2.32 μm | 1.18 μm | 0.23 μm |
IF | 24.25 μm | 1.75 μm | 0.52 μm | B-tertiary γ′ 0.08 μm; S-tertiary γ′ 0.01 μm | 37.24 μm | 1.72 μm | 0.62 μm | B-tertiary γ′ 0.24 μm; S-tertiary γ′ 0.06 μm |
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Tian, T.; Ge, C.; Li, X.; Hao, Z.; Peng, S.; Jia, C. Influences of a Hot-Working Process on the Microstructural Evolution and Creep Performance of a Spray-Formed Nickel-Based Superalloy. Metals 2020, 10, 454. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10040454
Tian T, Ge C, Li X, Hao Z, Peng S, Jia C. Influences of a Hot-Working Process on the Microstructural Evolution and Creep Performance of a Spray-Formed Nickel-Based Superalloy. Metals. 2020; 10(4):454. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10040454
Chicago/Turabian StyleTian, Tian, Changchun Ge, Xinggang Li, Zhibo Hao, Shiqing Peng, and Chonglin Jia. 2020. "Influences of a Hot-Working Process on the Microstructural Evolution and Creep Performance of a Spray-Formed Nickel-Based Superalloy" Metals 10, no. 4: 454. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10040454