Optimization of Cu and Mn Dissolution from Black Coppers by Means of an Agglomerate and Curing Pretreatment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Black Copper Sample
2.2. Ferrous Ions
2.3. Pretreatment and Subsequent Leaching in Reactors
2.4. Design of Experiments
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Graphic Analysis and Analytical Models
3.2. Effects of Redox Potential and pH on the System
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
No. | Curing Time (h) | NaCl (kg/t) | Mn Recovery (%) | Cu Recovery (%) | Eh (V) | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 24 | 0 | 45 | 49 | 1.5 | −0.4 |
2 | 24 | 5 | 51 | 58 | 1.5 | −0.3 |
3 | 24 | 10 | 52 | 60 | 1.4 | −0.4 |
4 | 24 | 15 | 52 | 61 | 1.4 | −0.4 |
5 | 24 | 20 | 52 | 61 | 1.4 | −0.4 |
6 | 24 | 25 | 53 | 66 | 1.3 | −0.5 |
7 | 24 | 30 | 54 | 69 | 1.4 | −0.5 |
8 | 48 | 0 | 51 | 59 | 1 | −0.4 |
9 | 48 | 5 | 62 | 74 | 1 | −0.3 |
10 | 48 | 10 | 64 | 74 | 0.5 | −0.1 |
11 | 48 | 15 | 64 | 75 | 0.5 | −0.2 |
12 | 48 | 20 | 65 | 77 | 0.5 | 0.1 |
13 | 48 | 25 | 65 | 77 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
14 | 48 | 30 | 67 | 79 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
15 | 72 | 0 | 52 | 53 | −0.3 | −0.3 |
16 | 72 | 5 | 63 | 76 | −0.4 | −0.1 |
17 | 72 | 10 | 63 | 77 | −0.3 | −0.1 |
18 | 72 | 15 | 64 | 78 | −0.3 | −0.2 |
19 | 72 | 20 | 65 | 79 | −0.6 | −0.2 |
20 | 72 | 25 | 65 | 79 | −0.5 | −0.1 |
21 | 72 | 30 | 67 | 80 | −0.6 | 0.2 |
22 | 96 | 0 | 55 | 61 | −1.1 | −0.4 |
23 | 96 | 5 | 68 | 75 | −1 | −0.2 |
24 | 96 | 10 | 70 | 77 | −0.8 | 0.1 |
25 | 96 | 15 | 70 | 78 | −1 | 0.2 |
26 | 96 | 20 | 70 | 80 | −0.9 | 0.1 |
27 | 96 | 25 | 71 | 81 | −0.9 | 0.2 |
28 | 96 | 30 | 73 | 81 | −1 | 0.2 |
29 | 120 | 0 | 54 | 63 | −0.8 | −0.4 |
30 | 120 | 5 | 67 | 75 | −0.9 | 0.1 |
31 | 120 | 10 | 70 | 77 | −1 | 0.1 |
32 | 120 | 15 | 69 | 78 | −1.2 | 0.1 |
33 | 120 | 20 | 70 | 80 | −1.1 | 0.3 |
34 | 120 | 25 | 70 | 81 | −1.2 | 0.5 |
35 | 120 | 30 | 73 | 81 | −1.2 | 0.6 |
36 | 144 | 0 | 55 | 64 | −1.3 | −0.3 |
37 | 144 | 5 | 69 | 77 | −1.1 | 0.3 |
38 | 144 | 10 | 71 | 77 | −1.5 | 0.2 |
39 | 144 | 15 | 71 | 79 | −1.4 | 0.4 |
40 | 144 | 20 | 72 | 79 | −1.4 | 0.2 |
41 | 144 | 25 | 72 | 80 | −1.4 | 0.3 |
42 | 144 | 30 | 74 | 82 | −1.5 | 0.5 |
43 | 168 | 0 | 56 | 66 | −1.2 | −0.1 |
44 | 168 | 5 | 72 | 79 | −1.2 | 0.2 |
45 | 168 | 10 | 74 | 79 | −1.1 | 0.2 |
46 | 168 | 15 | 75 | 80 | −1.3 | 0.2 |
47 | 168 | 20 | 75 | 82 | −1.6 | 0.2 |
48 | 168 | 25 | 76 | 83 | −1.5 | 0.5 |
49 | 168 | 30 | 76 | 83 | −1.6 | 0.4 |
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Mineral (% Mass) | Black Copper |
---|---|
Native Cu/Cuprite/Tenorite | 0.12 |
Cu-Mn Wad | 78.90 |
Chrysocolla | 16.72 |
Other Cu Minerals | 2.69 |
Goethite | 0.01 |
Quartz | 1.41 |
Feldspars | 0.02 |
Kaolinite Group | 0.01 |
Muscovite/Sericite | 0.01 |
Chlorite/Biotite | 0.01 |
Others | 0.09 |
Total | 100 |
Curing Time (h) | NaCl (kg/t) |
---|---|
24 | 0 |
48 | 5 |
72 | 10 |
96 | 15 |
120 | 20 |
144 | 25 |
168 | 30 |
Model/Variable | Curing Time (h) | NaCl (kg/t) | Optimal (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Mn recovery | 157.8 | 22.4 | 74.9 |
Cu recovery | 133.0 | 23.6 | 83.7 |
Response | Variable | F-Value | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Eh (V) | Curing time | 225.96 | 0.000 |
NaCl concentration | 0.1 | 0.996 | |
pH | Curing time | 8.07 | 0.000 |
NaCl concentration | 2.79 | 0.022 |
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Saldaña, M.; Gálvez, E.; Jeldres, R.I.; Díaz, C.; Robles, P.; Sinha, M.K.; Toro, N. Optimization of Cu and Mn Dissolution from Black Coppers by Means of an Agglomerate and Curing Pretreatment. Metals 2020, 10, 657. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10050657
Saldaña M, Gálvez E, Jeldres RI, Díaz C, Robles P, Sinha MK, Toro N. Optimization of Cu and Mn Dissolution from Black Coppers by Means of an Agglomerate and Curing Pretreatment. Metals. 2020; 10(5):657. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10050657
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaldaña, Manuel, Edelmira Gálvez, Ricardo I. Jeldres, Catalina Díaz, Pedro Robles, Manish Kumar Sinha, and Norman Toro. 2020. "Optimization of Cu and Mn Dissolution from Black Coppers by Means of an Agglomerate and Curing Pretreatment" Metals 10, no. 5: 657. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10050657