Mössbauer and X-ray Studies of Phase Composition of Fly Ashes Formed after Combustion of Ekibastuz Coal (Kazakhstan)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Mössbauer Spectroscopy
3.2. X-ray Diffraction
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Kizilshtein, L.Y. Traces of coal-fired power industry. Sci. Life 2008, 5, 42–47. [Google Scholar]
- Samorokov, V.E.; Zelinskaya, E.V. Use of micro-spheres in composite materials. Bull. Irkutsk State Univ. 2012, 9, 201–205. [Google Scholar]
- Zorya, V.N.; Korovushkinm, V.V.; Permyakov, A.A.; Volynkina, E.P. The research of the mineral composition and crystal structure of iron-containing components of technogenic waste of the metallurgical complex. Izvestiya. Ferrous Metall. 2015, 58, 359–366. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Adeeva, L.N.; Borbat, V.F. Heating and power plant ash—The promising raw materials for the industry. Bull. Omsk Univ. 2009, 2, 141–151. [Google Scholar]
- Harchand, K.S.; Taneja, S.P.; Raj, D.; Sharma, P. Mössbauer studies of coal ash. Fuel Process. Technol. 1989, 21, 19–24. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, L.; Peng, B.; Yue, C.; Guo, M.; Zhan, M. Low-cost, shape-stabilized fly ash composite phase change material synthesized by using a facile process for building energy efficiency. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2019, 22215, 87–95. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zyryanov, V.V.; Petrov, S.A.; Matvienko, A.A. Characterization of spinel and magnetospheres of coal fly ashes collected in power plants in the former USSR. Fuel 2011, 90, 486–492. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kizilshtein, L.; Dubov, I.; Shpitsgluz, A.; Parada, S. Components of Ashes and Slags of Heat Power Plants; Energoatomizdat: Moscow, Russia, 1995. [Google Scholar]
- Sharonova, O.M.; Anshits, N.N.; Solovyov, L.A.; Salanov, A.N.; Anshits, A.G. Relationship between composition and structure of globules in narrow fractions of ferrospheres. Fuel 2013, 111, 332–343. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sokol, E.V.; Kalugin, V.M.; Nigmatulina, E.N.; Volkova, N.I.; Maksimova, N.V. Ferrospheres from fly ashes of Chelyabinsk coals: Chemical composition, morphology and formation conditions. Fuel 2002, 81, 867–876. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yang, J.; Zhao, Y.; Zyryanov, V.; Zhang, J.; Zhenga, C. Physical–chemical characteristics and elements enrichment of magnetospheres from coal fly ashes. Fuel 2014, 135, 15–26. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Anshits, N.N.; Solov’ev, L.A.; Rabchevskii, E.V.; Anshits, A.G.; Bayukov, O.A.; Eremin, E.V. Mössbauer and magnetic investigations of high-iron samples of energy ashes. Phys. Solid State 2010, 52, 1188–1192. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vandenberghe, R.E.; de Resende, V.G.; da Costa, G.M.; Grave, E. De Study of loss-on-ignition anomalies found in ashes from combustion of iron-rich coal. Fuel 2010, 89, 2405–2410. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hinckley, C.C.; Smith, G.V.; Twardowska, H.; Saporoschenko, M.; Shiley, R.H.; Griffen, R.A. Mossbauer studies of iron in Lurgi gasification ashes and power plant fly and bottom ash. Fuel 1980, 59, 161–165. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Harchand, K.S.; Raj, D. Characterization of iron-bearing phases in coal and their ash. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B: Beam Interact. Mater. At. 1993, 76, 249–251. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Patil, M.D.; Eaton, H.C.; Tittlebaum, M.E. 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopic studies of fly ash from coal-fired power plants and bottom ash from lignite-natural gas combustion. Fuel 1984, 63, 788–792. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Matsnev, M.E.; Rusakov, V.S. SpectrRelax: An application for Mössbauer spectra modeling and fitting. AIP Conf. Proc. 2012, 1489, 178–185. [Google Scholar]
- Goldanskii, V.; Herber, R. Chemical Applications of Mössbauer Spectroscopy; Academic: New York, NY, USA, 1968. [Google Scholar]
- Kadyrzhanov, K.K.; Vereshchak, M.F.; Manakova, I.A.; Ozernoy, A.N.; Rusakov, V.S. Structure-phase transformations in the Be-Fe-Be layered system subjected to irradiation and thermal treatment. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 2013, 74, 1078–1085. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ozernoy, A.N.; Vereshchak, M.F.; Manakova, I.A.; Tleubergenov, Z.K.; Bedelbekova, K.A. Nuclear gamma-resonance spectroscopy in study of nanoscale composites. Phys. At. Nucl. 2018, 81, 1484–1487. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Donbaev, K.M.; Zhetbaev, A.K.; Mukusheva, M.K.; Donbaeva, V.A. Mössbauer investigations of single crystal hematite doped with impurities. Phys. Status Solidi 1994, 143, K41–K44. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shipilin, M.A.; Zakharova, I.N.; Shipilin, A.M.; Bachurin, V.I. Mossbauer studies of magnetite nanoparticles. J. Surf. Investig. X-Ray Synchrotron Neutron Tech. 2014, 8, 357–361. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chernysheva, N.; Smelyanskaya, G.; Zaitseva, G. Typomorphism of Magnetite and Its Use in Search for and Assesment of Ore Deposits; Nedra: Moscow, Russia, 1981. [Google Scholar]
- Manakova, I.A.; Vereshchak, M.F.; Sergeeva, L.S.; Shokanov, A.K.; Antonyuk, V.I.; Rusakov, V.S.; Kadyrzhanov, K.K. Laws of thermally induced formation of phases in α-Fe with a titanium coating upon isochronous annealings. Phys. Met. Metallogr. 2010, 109, 447–460. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ovchinnikov, V. Mössbauer Methods for Analysis of Atomic and Magnetic Structure of Alloys; Fizmatlit: Moscow, Russia, 2002. [Google Scholar]
- Litvinov, V.; Karakishev, S.; Ovchinnikov, V. Nuclear γ-Resonance Spectroscopy of Alloys; Metallurgiya: Moscow, Russia, 1982. [Google Scholar]
- Sagaradze, V.V.; Shabashov, V.A.; Mukoseev, A.G.; Pecherkina, N.L.; Sagaradze, I.V. Dissolution of Carbon-Containing Particles such as Soot, Cementite, and VC Carbides in FCC Fe-Ni Alloys upon Severe Cold Deformation. Phys. Met. Metallogr. 2001, 91, 299–307. [Google Scholar]
- Zakharova, I.N.; Shipilin, M.A.; Alekseev, V.P.; Shipilin, A.M. Mössbauer study of maghemite nanoparticles. Tech. Phys. Lett. 2012, 38, 55–58. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kamzin, A.S.; Valiullin, A.A.; Khurshid, H.; Nemati, Z.; Srikanth, H.; Phan, M.H. Mössbauer Studies of Core-Shell FeO/Fe3O4 Nanoparticles. Phys. Solid State 2018, 60, 382–389. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Larsson, L.; O’Neill, H.S.C.; Anncrsten, H. Crystal chemistry of synthetic hercynite (FeAI204) from XRD structural refinements and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Eur. J. Mineral. 1994, 6, 39–51. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chukhrov, F.; Bonshtedt-Kupletskaya, É. Minerals. Compound Oxides, Titanates, Niobates, Antimonates, and Hydroxides (Handbook); Nauka: Moscow, Russia, 1967. [Google Scholar]
- Fomenko, E.V.; Anshits, N.N.; Vasil’eva, N.G.; Rogovenko, E.S.; Mikhaylova, O.A.; Mazurova, E.V.; Solov’ev, L.A.; Anshits, A.G. Composition and structure of the shells of aluminosilicate microspheres in fly ash formed on the combustion of Ekibastuz coal. Solid Fuel Chem. 2016, 50, 238–247. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yarotskaya, E.G.; Fedorov, P.P. Mullite and its isomorphic substitutions. Overview. Condens. Matter Interphases 2018, 20, 537–544. [Google Scholar]
- Gorshkov, V.; Savelyev, V.; Fedorov, N. Physical Chemistry of Silicates and other Refractory Compounds; Vysshaya Shkola Publishing: Moscow, Russia, 1988. [Google Scholar]
- Pimkov, Y. Synthesis of Mullite from Activated Precursors and Composite Materials Based on It. Ph.D. Dissertation, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Ivanovo, Russia, 2016. [Google Scholar]
- Urusov, V. Theory of Isomorphic Mixability; Nauka: Moscow, Russia, 1977. [Google Scholar]
- Makarov, E. Isomorphism of Atoms in Crystals; Atomizdat: Moscow, Russia, 1973. [Google Scholar]
- Goldschmidt, V. Kristallchemie; Verlag von Gustav Fischer: Jena, Germany, 1934. [Google Scholar]
- Jastrzębska, I.; Szczerba, J.; Stoch, P.; Błachowski, A.; Ruebenbauer, K.; Prorok, R.; Snieżek, E. Crystal structure and Mössbauer study of FeAl2O4. Nukleonika 2015, 60, 47–49. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Vereshchak, M.F.; Manakova, I.A.; Shokanov, A.K. Mössbauer research of minerals contained in coals of Kazakhstan. NNC RK Bull. 2019, 4, 13–16. [Google Scholar]
- Sibagatullin, S.K.; Kharchenko, A.S.; Polinov, A.A.; Pavlov, A.V.; Semenyuk, M.A.; Beginyuk, V.A. Stabilization of the ratio of natural gas and blast flows through blast furnace tuyeres. Theory Technol. Metall. Prod. 2014, 1, 23–25. [Google Scholar]
- Bhattacharjee, A.; Mandal, H.; Roy, M.; Kusz, J.; Hofmeister, W. Microstructural and magnetic characterization of fly ash from Kolaghat Thermal Power Plant in West Bengal, India. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 2011, 323, 3007–3012. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Taneja, S.P.; Harchand, K.S.; Raj, D.; Chandra, K. Characterization of iron phases in coal ash from thermal power plant. Fuel Process. Technol. 1991, 29, 209–217. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Volkov, A.; Zharsky, I. Great Chemical Reference; Modern School: Minsk, Belarus, 2005. [Google Scholar]
Subspectrum | I, (%) | δ, mm/s | ε, mm/s | Hn, kOe | Assignment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
H1 | 3.4 ± 0.8 | 0.39 ± 0.01 | −0.09 ± 0.01 | 512 ± 1 | Hematite |
H2 | 19.9 ± 0.9 | 0.32 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 482 ± 1 | Magnetite [Fe3+]tetra |
H3 | 15.1 ± 0.9 | 0.55 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 468 ± 1 | Magnetite [Fe3+]octa |
H4 | 18.0 ± 0.9 | 0.57 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 443 ± 2 | Magnetite [Fe2+]octa |
H5 | 7.4 ± 0.4 | 0.60 ± 0.01 | 0.00 ± 0.01 | 414 ± 3 | Magnetite [Fe2+]octa |
H6 | 3.0 ± 0.4 | 0.63 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 385 ± 4 | Magnetite [Fe2+]octa |
H7 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 0.66 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 358 ± 2 | Magnetite [Fe2+]octa |
Subspectrum | I, (%) | δ, mm/s | ε, mm/s | Hn, kOe | Assignment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
H1 | 13.7 ± 0.9 | 0.34 ± 0.01 | −0.09 ± 0.01 | 512 ± 1 | Hematite |
M1 | 4.2 ± 0.9 | 0.39 ± 0.01 | 0.00 ± 0.01 | 495 ± 1 | Maghemite [Fe3+]tetra |
M2 | 4.4 ± 0.2 | 0.48 ± 0.02 | 0.00 ± 0.01 | 477 ± 2 | Maghemite [Fe3+]octa |
H2 | 8.2 ± 0.9 | 0.28 ± 0.02 | 0.00 ± 0.01 | 482 ± 1 | Magnetite [Fe3+]tetra |
H3 | 10.0 ± 0.9 | 0.52 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 458 ± 4 | Magnetite [Fe3+]octa |
H4 | 6.8 ± 0.9 | 0.53 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 434 ± 5 | Magnetite [Fe2+]octa |
H5 | 4.6 ± 0.5 | 0.54 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 402 ± 5 | Magnetite [Fe2+]octa |
H6 | 2.2 ± 0.4 | 0.55 ± 0.01 | 0.00 ± 0.01 | 359 ± 2 | Magnetite [Fe2+]octa |
Sample | Subspectrum | I, (%) | δ, mm/s | ε, mm/s | Assignment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
FA1 | D1 | 27.7 ± 0.9 | 1.16 ± 0.01 | 0.82 ± 0.01 | Hercynite [Fe2+]tetra |
D2 | 5.0 ± 0.1 | 1.33 ± 0.04 | 1.26 ± 0.03 | Hercynite [Fe2+]octa | |
D3 | 3.3 ± 0.2 | 0.30 ± 0.09 | 0.35 ± 0.09 | Hercynite [Fe3+]octa | |
D4 | 27.0 ± 0.7 | 0.41 ± 0.05 | 0.67 ± 0.09 | Mullite [Fe3+]octa | |
D5 | 9.4 ± 0.1 | 0.44 ± 0.09 | 0.35 ± 0.08 | Mullite [Fe3+]tetra | |
D6 | 4.1 ± 0.3 | 0.78 ± 0.05 | 0.66 ± 0.05 | Mullite [Fe2+]tetra | |
D7 | 23.5 ± 0.9 | 1.10 ± 0.01 | 1.23 ± 0.01 | Silicate [Fe2+]octa | |
FA2 | D1 | 29.2 ± 0.9 | 1.17 ± 0.01 | 0.83 ± 0.01 | Hercynite [Fe2+]tetra |
D2 | 5.2 ± 0.1 | 1.35 ± 0.04 | 1.26 ± 0.03 | Hercynite [Fe2+]octa | |
D3 | 3.5 ± 0.2 | 0.30 ± 0.09 | 0.35 ± 0.09 | Hercynite [Fe3+]octa | |
D4 | 27.4 ± 0.9 | 0.42 ± 0.05 | 0.60 ± 0.09 | Mullite [Fe3+]octa | |
D5 | 9.6 ± 0.1 | 0.40 ± 0.09 | 0.32 ± 0.08 | Mullite [Fe3+]tetra | |
D6 | 4.1 ± 0.1 | 0.78 ± 0.05 | 0.66 ± 0.05 | Mullite [Fe2+]tetra | |
D7 | 21.0 ± 0.9 | 1.14 ± 0.01 | 1.26 ± 0.01 | Silicate [Fe2+]octa |
Sample | Hematite | Maghemite | Magnetite | Hercynite | Mullite | Silicate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FA1 | 0.19 | - | 3.61 | 0.63 | 0.71 | 0.37 |
FA2 | 0.76 | 0.48 | 1.77 | 0.97 | 1.05 | 0.54 |
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Shokanov, A.; Vereshchak, M.; Manakova, I. Mössbauer and X-ray Studies of Phase Composition of Fly Ashes Formed after Combustion of Ekibastuz Coal (Kazakhstan). Metals 2020, 10, 929. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10070929
Shokanov A, Vereshchak M, Manakova I. Mössbauer and X-ray Studies of Phase Composition of Fly Ashes Formed after Combustion of Ekibastuz Coal (Kazakhstan). Metals. 2020; 10(7):929. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10070929
Chicago/Turabian StyleShokanov, Adilkhan, Mikhail Vereshchak, and Irina Manakova. 2020. "Mössbauer and X-ray Studies of Phase Composition of Fly Ashes Formed after Combustion of Ekibastuz Coal (Kazakhstan)" Metals 10, no. 7: 929. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10070929