Effect of Welding Parameters on Friction Stir Welded Ti–6Al–4V Joints: Temperature, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
- The workpiece material is isotropic and homogenous, and no melting occurs during the welding.
- The heat generation from material plastic deformation is negligible. The heat transfer between the workpiece and clamp tools is also negligible.
- The thermal boundary conditions are symmetrical along the weld center-line.
3. Results
3.1. Temperature
3.2. Weld Morphology and Microstructure
3.3. Mechanical Property
4. Conclusions
- The rotation speed dominates the peak temperature of the welding. The welding speed determines the dwell time of the SZ exposed at the high temperature, but it has little influence on the peak temperature;
- When the rotation speed was above 900 rpm, the temperature in the weld nugget could exceed the β-transus temperature (995 °C) and the materials in SZ will perform a phase transition. The final structure of the SZ is a fully lamellar microstructure and the HAZ has a bimodal microstructure characterized by basket-weave and colony morphologies;
- Rotation speed and welding speed affect the grain size of the weld nugget. Welding speed is the dominant factor in the grain coarsening. Lower peak temperature with decreasing spindle speed and/or shorter dwell time with increasing welding speed could produce finer grains in the weld;
- The tensile strength and microhardness of the joints are closely related to the rotation speed and welding speed. The tensile strength and the microhardness values will decrease as increasing the welding speed and/or reducing the rotational speed.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rotational Speed (rpm) | Welding Speed (mm/min) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
10 | 20 | 40 | 60 | |
700 | Defect free | With defect | - | - |
900 | Defect free | Defect free | Defect free | With defect |
1100 | Defect free | Defect free | Defect free | With defect |
1300 | With defect | With defect | - | - |
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Li, J.; Cao, F.; Shen, Y. Effect of Welding Parameters on Friction Stir Welded Ti–6Al–4V Joints: Temperature, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties. Metals 2020, 10, 940. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10070940
Li J, Cao F, Shen Y. Effect of Welding Parameters on Friction Stir Welded Ti–6Al–4V Joints: Temperature, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties. Metals. 2020; 10(7):940. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10070940
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Junping, Fujun Cao, and Yifu Shen. 2020. "Effect of Welding Parameters on Friction Stir Welded Ti–6Al–4V Joints: Temperature, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties" Metals 10, no. 7: 940. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10070940