Hot Deformation Behaviour of Mn–Cr–Mo Low-Alloy Steel in Various Phase Regions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Material and Procedures
3. Results
3.1. Phase Regions
3.2. Initial Microstructures after Heating
3.3. Hot Flow Curves
4. Mathematical Processing of Experimental Data and Discussion
4.1. Hot Deformation Activation Energy
- for a temperature range of 770–1280 °C (Q = 364 kJ·mol−1):
- for a temperature range of 650–770 °C (Q = 648 kJ·mol−1):
4.2. Peak Stress
4.3. Peak Strain
4.4. Austenite Grains after Dynamic Recrystallization
4.5. Hot Flow Stress Model
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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T | ė | Z | σp [MPa] | |
---|---|---|---|---|
[°C] | [s−1] | [s−1] | Experimental | Calculated |
1280 | 0.02 | 3.8 × 10+29 | 20 | 22 |
1280 | 0.20 | 3.8 × 10+30 | 35 | 35 |
1280 | 2.0 | 3.8 × 10+31 | 56 | 55 |
1280 | 23 | 4.4 × 10+32 | 84 | 84 |
1140 | 0.02 | 4.8 × 10+32 | 39 | 39 |
1140 | 2.1 | 5.0 × 10+34 | 86 | 90 |
1140 | 24 | 5.7 × 10+35 | 126 | 127 |
1030 | 0.02 | 3.8 × 10+35 | 66 | 64 |
1030 | 0.20 | 3.8 × 10+36 | 97 | 93 |
1030 | 23 | 4.4 × 10+38 | 172 | 173 |
930 | 0.02 | 4.8 × 10+38 | 99 | 101 |
930 | 2.0 | 4.8 × 10+40 | 185 | 179 |
930 | 22 | 5.2 × 10+41 | 222 | 223 |
840 | 0.02 | 8.8 × 10+41 | 149 | 149 |
840 | 0.20 | 8.8 × 10+42 | 190 | 191 |
840 | 2.0 | 8.8 × 10+43 | 231 | 234 |
840 | 22 | 9.6 × 10+44 | 280 | 279 |
770 | 0.02 | 7.4 × 10+44 | 198 | 197 |
770 | 2.0 | 7.4 × 10+46 | 277 | 283 |
770 | 22 | 8.2 × 10+47 | 333 | 329 |
770 | 0.02 | 7.4 × 10+44 | 198 | 202 |
770 | 2.0 | 7.4 × 10+46 | 277 | 283 |
770 | 22 | 8.2 × 10+47 | 333 | 334 |
710 | 0.02 | 5.2 × 10+47 | 296 | 282 |
710 | 0.21 | 5.4 × 10+48 | 329 | 332 |
710 | 21 | 5.4 × 10+50 | 447 | 441 |
650 | 0.02 | 8.4 × 10+50 | 397 | 396 |
650 | 0.20 | 8.4 × 10+51 | 451 | 453 |
650 | 2.1 | 8.8 × 10+52 | 502 | 515 |
650 | 19 | 8.0 × 10+53 | 582 | 575 |
T | ė | σp [MPa] | |
---|---|---|---|
[°C] | [s−1] | Mn–Si–Cr–Mo Steel—Experimental [71] | Mn–Cr–Mo Steel—Calculated, Equation (5) |
900 | 0.1 | 117 | 143 |
1000 | 0.1 | 70 | 95 |
1100 | 0.1 | 53 | 62 |
1200 | 0.1 | 42 | 42 |
1000 | 0.01 | 44 | 65 |
1000 | 1.0 | 130 | 132 |
1000 | 10 | 157 | 172 |
Temperature [°C] | Mean Grain Size [μm] | Confidence Interval [μm] |
---|---|---|
After heating | ||
840 | 15.4 | ±1.6 |
1030 | 18.7 | ±1.9 |
1140 | 23.4 | ±2.5 |
1280 | 94.5 | ±8.4 |
After deformation (a strain rate of 0.02 s−1) | ||
770 | 3.0 | ±0.2 |
930 | 29.2 | ±3.0 |
1280 | 116.1 | ±5.2 |
After deformation (a strain rate of 20 s−1) | ||
770 | 2.4 | ±0.1 |
930 | 5.4 | ±0.3 |
1280 | 15.4 | ±2.0 |
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Schindler, I.; Opěla, P.; Kawulok, P.; Sojka, J.; Konečná, K.; Rusz, S.; Kawulok, R.; Sauer, M.; Turoňová, P. Hot Deformation Behaviour of Mn–Cr–Mo Low-Alloy Steel in Various Phase Regions. Metals 2020, 10, 1255. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10091255
Schindler I, Opěla P, Kawulok P, Sojka J, Konečná K, Rusz S, Kawulok R, Sauer M, Turoňová P. Hot Deformation Behaviour of Mn–Cr–Mo Low-Alloy Steel in Various Phase Regions. Metals. 2020; 10(9):1255. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10091255
Chicago/Turabian StyleSchindler, Ivo, Petr Opěla, Petr Kawulok, Jaroslav Sojka, Kateřina Konečná, Stanislav Rusz, Rostislav Kawulok, Michal Sauer, and Petra Turoňová. 2020. "Hot Deformation Behaviour of Mn–Cr–Mo Low-Alloy Steel in Various Phase Regions" Metals 10, no. 9: 1255. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10091255