High-Entropy Alloys Properties Prediction Model by Using Artificial Neural Network Algorithm
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. HEAs Data Information
2.2. Data Preprocessing and Model Evaluation
Optimization Process for ANN Prediction Model
2.3. Optimization Process for Lasso Linear Regression Prediction Model
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Evaluation Predicting Accuracy of ANN Models
3.2. Evaluation Predicting Accuracy of Lasso Linear Models
3.3. Effect of Process Input Data on Transition Metals and Refractory Metals
3.4. Assessment of the Influence of Elements in Alloys
4. Conclusions
- The ANN prediction model showed high accuracy only when learning the post-process data together; the tensile strength showed an error rate of 19.7%, and the microstructure was consistent in all test data. Elongation prediction showed a high error rate of 40.2%.
- In the case of the lasso linear regression, the error rate of the model trained with post-processing data was 31.1%, and the error rate of the lasso model trained only on the mole fraction was 26.1%, showing low accuracy. The linear regression model did not sufficiently reflect the complex causal relationships in the data as the variable increased.
- When post-process data were trained with the element mole fraction, the model error rate decreased from 15.9% to 14% in the refractory metal group, and the error rate of the transition metal group decreased from 52% to 27% in the transition metal group. In contrast, the lasso model showed the opposite trend.
- In the ANN model, Al, Cr, Cu, Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr, Mo, and W increased the strength as these components increased, and Co, Fe, Ni, Mn, Hf, and V decreased the tensile strength. In the lasso model, the same results were obtained except for Nb. In addition, in the post-process, cold rolling and forging improved the tensile strength.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No., [Ref] | Alloy | Elements Mole Fraction (at %) | Properties of Alloy | ||||||||||||||||||
Al | Co | Cr | Fe | Ni | Cu | Mn | Hf | Nb | Ta | Ti | Zr | V | Mo | W | σy *(MPa) | Phase | ε **(%) | ||||
1, [9]*** | NbCrMo0.5Ta0.5TiZr | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 10 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 1595 | FCC | 5 | ||
2, [14] | Al0.5CoCrCu0.5FeNi2 | 8.3 | 16.7 | 16.7 | 16.7 | 33.3 | 8.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 215 | BCC | 39 | ||
3, [15] | Al0.5CoCrCuFeNi | 9.1 | 18.2 | 18.2 | 18.2 | 18.2 | 18.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 360 | BCC | 19 | ||
4, [16] | AlNbTiV | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 1020 | FCC | 5 | ||
5, [9] | NbCrMo0.5Ta0.5TiZr | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 10 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 1595 | FCC | 5 | ||
6, [18] | Al0.5NbTaTiV | 11.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22.2 | 22.2 | 22.2 | 0 | 22.2 | 0 | 0 | 1012 | FCC | 50 | ||
7, [19] | CoCrFeNi | 0 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273 | BCC | 38 | ||
8, [20] | AlCoCrCuFeNi | 16.7 | 16.7 | 16.7 | 16.7 | 16.7 | 16.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1040 | BCC + FCC | 1 | ||
9, [21] | Al0.3CoCrFeNi | 7.0 | 23.3 | 23.3 | 23.3 | 23.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 224 | BCC | 48 | ||
10, [22] | MoNbTaVW | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 1246 | FCC | 1.7 | ||
11, [23] | Al0.5CrCuFeNi2 | 9.1 | 0 | 18.2 | 18.2 | 36.4 | 18.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 704 | BCC + FCC | 5.6 | ||
12, [24] | CrHfNbTiZr | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1375 | FCC | 2.8 | ||
13, [21] | Al0.3CoCrFeNi | 7.0 | 23.3 | 23.3 | 23.3 | 23.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 310 | BCC | 44 | ||
14, [25] | NbTiVZr | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 20 | 20 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 918 | FCC | 50 | ||
15, [26] | CrCrFeMnNi | 0 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 171 | BCC | 57 | ||
16, [27] | Al0.3NbTaTi1.4Zr1.3 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 20 | 28 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1965 | FCC | 5 | ||
17, [21] | Al0.3CoCrFeNi | 7.0 | 23.3 | 23.3 | 23.5 | 23.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 240 | BCC | 45 | ||
18, [19] | CoCrMnNi | 0 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 280 | BCC | 43 | ||
19, [18] | AlNbTaTiV | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 991 | FCC | 50 | ||
20, [24] | HfNbTiVZr | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 1170 | FCC | 30 | ||
21, [28] | HfNbTaTiZr | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1145 | FCC | 9.7 | ||
22, [26] | CrCrFeMnNi | 0 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 362 | BCC | 51 | ||
23, [25] | CrNbTiZr | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1260 | FCC | 6 | ||
24, [29] | CoCrFeNi | 0 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 300 | BCC | 42 | ||
25, [30] | AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 10 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 2000 | FCC | 1 | ||
26, [31] | HfMoNbTiZr | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 1575 | FCC | 9 | ||
27, [32] | CrCrFeMnNi | 0 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 410 | BCC | 57 | ||
28, [20] | AlCoCrCuFeNi | 16.7 | 16.7 | 16.7 | 16.7 | 16.7 | 16.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 790 | BCC + FCC | 0.2 | ||
29, [23] | Al0.5CrCuFeNi2 | 9.1 | 0 | 18.2 | 18.2 | 16.4 | 18.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 630 | BCC + FCC | 4.2 | ||
30, [27] | Al0.5NbTa0.8Ti1.5 V0.2Zr | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 16 | 30 | 20 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2035 | FCC | 4.5 | ||
31, [18] | Al0.25NbTaTiV | 5.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23.5 | 23.5 | 23.5 | 0 | 23.5 | 0 | 0 | 1330 | FCC | 50 | ||
32, [14] | Al0.5CoCrCu0.5FeNi2 | 8.3 | 16.7 | 16.7 | 16.7 | 33.3 | 8.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 357 | BCC | 9 | ||
33, [33] | HfNbTiZr | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 879 | FCC | 14.9 | ||
34, [22] | MoNbTaW | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 25 | 1058 | FCC | 2.6 | ||
35, [34] | NbTaTiV | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 1092 | FCC | 50 | ||
36, [27] | AlNb1.5Ta0.5Ti1.5Zr0.5 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 10 | 30 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1280 | FCC | 3.5 | ||
1t****, [35] | Al0.5CoCrCuFeNi | 9.1 | 18.2 | 18.2 | 18.2 | 18.2 | 18.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1284 | BCC | 7.6 | ||
2t, [26] | CrCrFeMnNi | 0 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 197 | BCC | 60 | ||
3t, [27] | Al0.3NbTa0.8Ti1.4V0.2Zr1.3 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 16 | 28 | 26 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1965 | FCC | 5 | ||
4t, [25] | CrNbTiVZr | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 1298 | FCC | 3 | ||
5t, [19] | CoFeMnNi | 0 | 25 | 0 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 175 | BCC | 41 | ||
6t, [25] | NbTiVZr | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 1105 | FCC | 50 | ||
7t, [30] | Al0.4Hf0.6NbTaTiZr | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1841 | FCC | 10 | ||
8t, [36] | Al0.5CoCrCuFeNi | 9.1 | 18.2 | 18.2 | 18.2 | 18.2 | 18.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 655 | BCC | 29 | ||
No., [Ref] | Post-Process Input Data | ||||||||||||||||||||
Heat Treatment 1 | Cooling | CR | HR | Heat Treatment 2 | Forge | HIP | Heat Treatment 3 | ||||||||||||||
Temp (°C) | h | WQ | SC | CR (%) | Temp (°C) | HR (%) | Temp (°C) | h | Forge | Temp (°C) | Press (MPa) | h | Temp (°C) | h | |||||||
1, [9] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1450 | 207 | 2 | 1200 | 24 | ||||||
2, [14] | 1150 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
3, [15] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
4, [16] | 1200 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
5, [9] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1200 | 207 | 2 | 1200 | 24 | ||||||
6, [18] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
7, [19] | 1200 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 92 | 0 | 0 | 1000 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
8, [20] | 960 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
9, [21] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
10, [22] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
11, [23] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 900 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
12, [24] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
13, [21] | 700 | 72 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
14, [25] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1200 | 207 | 2 | 1200 | 24 | ||||||
15, [26] | 1200 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 87 | 0 | 0 | 1150 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
16, [27] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1200 | 207 | 2 | 1200 | 24 | ||||||
17, [21] | 900 | 72 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
18, [19] | 1100 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 1000 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
19, [18] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
20, [24] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
21, [28] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 1000 | 2 | 0 | 1200 | 207 | 2 | 1200 | 24 | ||||||
22, [26] | 1200 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 87 | 0 | 0 | 800 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
23, [25] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1200 | 207 | 2 | 1200 | 24 | ||||||
24, [29] | 1000 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1000 | 92 | 900 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
25, [30] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1400 | 207 | 2 | 1400 | 24 | ||||||
26, [31] | 1100 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
27, [32] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 800 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
28, [20] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
29, [23] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 700 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
30, [27] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1200 | 207 | 2 | 1200 | 24 | ||||||
31, [18] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
32, [14] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
33, [33] | 1300 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
34, [22] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
35, [34] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
36, [27] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1400 | 207 | 2 | 1400 | 24 | ||||||
1t, [35] | 1000 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 84 | 0 | 0 | 900 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
2t, [26] | 1200 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 87 | 0 | 0 | 1000 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
3t, [27] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1200 | 207 | 2 | 1200 | 24 | ||||||
4t, [25] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1200 | 207 | 2 | 1200 | 24 | ||||||
5t, [19] | 1100 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 1000 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
6t, [25] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1200 | 207 | 2 | 1200 | 24 | ||||||
7t, [30] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1200 | 207 | 2 | 1200 | 24 | ||||||
8t, [36] | 1000 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 80 | 0 | 0 | 900 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Layer | Parameter | |
---|---|---|
Input data | Post-process | 15 conditions |
Mole fraction | 15 elements | |
Hidden layer 1 | Node | 3 |
Activation function | ReLU | |
Optimizer | Adam | |
Hidden layer 2 | Node | 47 |
Activation function | ReLU | |
Optimizer | Adam | |
Output layer | Node | 1 |
Activation function | Regression, Softmax (phase) | |
Optimizer | Adam | |
Results | Yield strength | |
Microstructure phase | ||
Elongation |
Input Data | 1 Test Data | 2 Test Data | 3 Test Data | 4 Test Data | 5 Test Data | 6 Test Data | 7 Test Data | 8 Test Data |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Observed Phase | (1, 0) * | (1, 0) | (0, 1) ** | (0, 1) | (1, 0) | (0, 1) | (0, 1) | (1, 0) |
Predicted Phase | (1, 0) | (1, 0) | (0, 1) | (0, 1) | (1, 0) | (0, 1) | (0, 1) | (1, 0) |
Accord/ Discord | Accord | Accord | Accord | Accord | Accord | Accord | Accord | Accord |
No., [Ref] | HEA Group | * (MPa) | ANN Model Trained from Post-Process and Mole Fraction | ANN Model Trained from Mole Fraction | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
** (MPa) | Error (MPa) | Error Rate (%) | ** (MPa) | Error (MPa) | Error Rate (%) | |||
1, [35] | Transition | 1284 | 735 | 549 | 42.8 | 617 | 667 | 52.0 |
2, [25] | Transition | 197 | 244 | 47 | 24.0 | 317 | 120 | 60.9 |
3, [26] | Refractory | 1965 | 1651 | 314 | 16.0 | 1791 | 174 | 8.8 |
4, [24] | Refractory | 1298 | 1141 | 157 | 12.1 | 1114 | 184 | 14.1 |
5, [18] | Transition | 175 | 148 | 27 | 15.5 | 331 | 156 | 89.1 |
6, [24] | Refractory | 1105 | 1231 | 126 | 11.4 | 1343 | 238 | 21.5 |
7, [30] | Refractory | 1841 | 1537 | 304 | 16.5 | 1489 | 352 | 19.1 |
8, [36] | Transition | 655 | 536 | 119 | 18.2 | 617 | 38 | 5.8 |
No., [Ref] | HEA Group | * (MPa) | Lasso 1st Model Trained from Post-Process and Mole Fraction | Lasso 1st Model Trained from Mole Fraction | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
** (MPa) | Error (MPa) | Error Rate (%) | ** (MPa) | Error (MPa) | Error Rate (%) | |||
1, [35] | Transition | 1284 | 773 | 511 | 39.8 | 742 | 542 | 42.2 |
2, [25] | Transition | 197 | 256 | 59 | 30.0 | 257 | 60 | 30.6 |
3, [26] | Refractory | 1965 | 2024 | 59 | 3.0 | 2007 | 41.5 | 2.1 |
4, [24] | Refractory | 1298 | 1056 | 242 | 18.6 | 1026 | 273 | 21.0 |
5, [18] | Transition | 175 | 0 | 175 | 100.0 | 81 | 94 | 53.8 |
6, [24] | Refractory | 1105 | 1213 | 108 | 9.7 | 1271 | 166 | 15.0 |
7, [30] | Refractory | 1841 | 1223 | 618 | 33.6 | 1217 | 624 | 33.9 |
8, [36] | Transition | 655 | 750 | 95 | 14.5 | 722 | 67 | 10.2 |
No., [Ref] | Alloy | Yield Strength Increase per 1 Increase in Input Data | |||||||||||||||
Al | Co | Cr | Fe | Ni | Cu | Mn | Hf | Nb | Ta | Ti | Zr | V | Mo | W | |||
1, [9] * | NbCrMo0.5Ta0.5TiZr | 245 | −83 | 195 | −193 | −107 | 119 | −166 | −346 | 348 | 153 | 609 | 810 | −331 | 338 | 658 | |
2, [14] | Al0.5CoCrCu0.5FeNi2 | 155 | −5 | 111 | −107 | −17 | 99 | −113 | −167 | 242 | 68 | 405 | 598 | −161 | 199 | 451 | |
3, [15] | Al0.5CoCrCuFeNi | 231 | −26 | 179 | −134 | −43 | 109 | −92 | −220 | 332 | 137 | 596 | 796 | −228 | 323 | 644 | |
4, [16] | AlNbTiV | 236 | −89 | 186 | −199 | −113 | 111 | −171 | −352 | 339 | 144 | 600 | 801 | −337 | 329 | 649 | |
5, [9] | NbCrMo0.5Ta0.5TiZr | 414 | 90 | 362 | −2 | 85 | 286 | 35 | −138 | 515 | 320 | 779 | 979 | −136 | 506 | 828 | |
6, [18] | Al0.5NbTaTiV | 255 | −70 | 205 | −181 | −94 | 130 | −152 | −333 | 358 | 163 | 619 | 819 | −319 | 348 | 667 | |
7, [19] | CoCrFeNi | 175 | −32 | 162 | −134 | −43 | 104 | −146 | −211 | 267 | 100 | 494 | 694 | −204 | 261 | 544 | |
8, [20] | AlCoCrCuFeNi | 238 | −87 | 188 | −197 | −111 | 113 | −170 | −350 | 341 | 146 | 602 | 803 | −335 | 331 | 651 | |
9, [21] | Al0.3CoCrFeNi | 199 | −9 | 164 | −111 | −22 | 104 | −81 | −166 | 299 | 113 | 564 | 764 | −159 | 291 | 613 | |
10, [22] | MoNbTaVW | 235 | −90 | 185 | −201 | −114 | 110 | −172 | −353 | 338 | 143 | 599 | 799 | −339 | 328 | 647 | |
11, [23] | Al0.5CrCuFeNi2 | 237 | −78 | 187 | −198 | −115 | 111 | −175 | −319 | 339 | 144 | 601 | 802 | −312 | 330 | 650 | |
12, [24] | CrHfNbTiZr | 260 | −65 | 211 | −175 | −88 | 135 | −147 | −327 | 364 | 169 | 624 | 825 | −313 | 353 | 673 | |
13, [21] | Al0.3CoCrFeNi | 213 | −45 | 161 | −147 | −57 | 86 | −125 | −240 | 314 | 119 | 578 | 778 | −236 | 305 | 626 | |
14, [25] | NbTiVZr | 254 | −43 | 202 | −136 | −48 | 127 | −98 | −272 | 355 | 160 | 619 | 819 | −270 | 346 | 668 | |
15, [26] | CrCrFeMnNi | 200 | −3 | 186 | −99 | −15 | 117 | −76 | −143 | 305 | 135 | 543 | 743 | −141 | 299 | 594 | |
16, [27] | Al0.3NbTaTi1.4Zr1.3 | 62 | −265 | 13 | −375 | −289 | −62 | −348 | −528 | 166 | −29 | 426 | 627 | −513 | 155 | 475 | |
17, [21] | Al0.3CoCrFeNi | 258 | 14 | 206 | −88 | 3 | 130 | −70 | −177 | 359 | 164 | 622 | 823 | −172 | 350 | 671 | |
18, [19] | CoCrMnNi | 188 | −41 | 174 | −151 | −59 | 105 | −112 | −222 | 293 | 123 | 522 | 722 | −214 | 287 | 573 | |
19, [18] | AlNbTaTiV | 297 | −28 | 247 | −139 | −52 | 172 | −110 | −291 | 400 | 205 | 660 | 861 | −277 | 389 | 709 | |
20, [24] | HfNbTiVZr | 148 | −177 | 98 | −288 | −201 | 23 | −260 | −441 | 251 | 56 | 512 | 712 | −426 | 241 | 560 | |
21, [28] | HfNbTaTiZr | 344 | 14 | 292 | −96 | −10 | 216 | −69 | −249 | 445 | 250 | 708 | 909 | −234 | 436 | 757 | |
22, [26] | CoCrFeMnNi | 11 | −187 | −3 | −286 | −198 | −72 | −263 | −332 | 116 | −54 | 359 | 559 | −331 | 110 | 409 | |
23, [25] | CrNbTiZr | 747 | 419 | 698 | 309 | 395 | 622 | 336 | 156 | 850 | 655 | 1111 | 1312 | 171 | 840 | 1160 | |
24, [29] | CoCrFeNi | 52 | −119 | 29 | −199 | −116 | −15 | −181 | −249 | 152 | −21 | 395 | 595 | −236 | 143 | 445 | |
25, [30] | AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr | −127 | −454 | −177 | −564 | −478 | −252 | −537 | −717 | −24 | −219 | 237 | 437 | −702 | −34 | 285 | |
26, [31] | HfMoNbTiZr | −38 | −363 | −88 | −474 | −387 | −163 | −445 | −626 | 65 | −130 | 326 | 526 | −612 | 55 | 374 | |
27, [32] | CrMnFeCoNi | 524 | 199 | 472 | 84 | 170 | 396 | 111 | −53 | 625 | 430 | 887 | 1088 | −54 | 616 | 936 | |
28, [20] | AlCoCrCuFeNi | −125 | −410 | −176 | −521 | −428 | −252 | −478 | −613 | −24 | −219 | 239 | 440 | −627 | −32 | 288 | |
29, [23] | Al0.5CrCuFeNi2 | 315 | −3 | 264 | −122 | −38 | 189 | −97 | −246 | 417 | 222 | 679 | 879 | −237 | 408 | 727 | |
30, [27] | Al0.5NbTa0.8Ti1.5V0.2Zr | −172 | −499 | −221 | −609 | −523 | −296 | −582 | −762 | −68 | −263 | 192 | 393 | −747 | −79 | 241 | |
31, [18] | Al0.25NbTaTiV | −75 | −400 | −125 | −510 | −424 | −200 | −483 | −663 | 28 | −167 | 289 | 489 | −648 | 18 | 337 | |
32, [14] | Al0.5CoCrCu0.5FeNi2 | 125 | −95 | 81 | −197 | −106 | 24 | −157 | −270 | 226 | 31 | 490 | 690 | −277 | 217 | 539 | |
33, [33] | HfNbTiZr | 713 | 388 | 664 | 278 | 364 | 589 | 305 | 125 | 817 | 622 | 1077 | 1278 | 140 | 806 | 1126 | |
34, [22] | MoNbTaW | 872 | 547 | 822 | 437 | 523 | 747 | 465 | 284 | 975 | 780 | 1236 | 1436 | 299 | 965 | 1284 | |
35, [34] | NbTaTiV | 150 | −175 | 101 | −285 | −199 | 25 | −258 | −438 | 254 | 59 | 514 | 715 | −423 | 243 | 563 | |
36, [27] | AlNb1.5Ta0.5Ti1.5Zr0.5 | 466 | 139 | 417 | 29 | 115 | 342 | 56 | −118 | 570 | 375 | 830 | 1031 | −109 | 559 | 879 | |
1t**, [35] | Al0.5CoCrCuFeNi | −618 | −847 | −640 | −968 | −878 | −705 | −965 | −1071 | −518 | −691 | −254 | −54 | −1075 | −526 | −206 | |
2t, [26] | CrCrFeMnNi | 175 | −26 | 161 | −124 | −38 | 92 | −100 | −169 | 279 | 110 | 520 | 720 | −167 | 274 | 571 | |
3t, [27] | Al0.3NbTa0.8Ti1.4V0.2Zr1.3 | 5 | −322 | −44 | −432 | −346 | −119 | −405 | −585 | 109 | −86 | 369 | 570 | −570 | 98 | 418 | |
4t, [25] | CrNbTiVZr | 193 | −137 | 141 | −247 | −161 | 65 | −220 | −400 | 294 | 99 | 557 | 758 | −385 | 285 | 606 | |
5t, [19] | CoFeMnNi | −2 | −144 | −46 | −157 | −124 | −54 | −146 | −157 | 97 | −74 | 258 | 439 | −157 | 54 | 318 | |
6t, [25] | NbTiVZr | 505 | 176 | 454 | 66 | 152 | 379 | 95 | −78 | 607 | 412 | 869 | 1070 | −72 | 598 | 918 | |
7t, [30] | Al0.4Hf0.6NbTaTiZr | −308 | −638 | −360 | −749 | −662 | −436 | −716 | −889 | −208 | −403 | 55 | 256 | −886 | −216 | 104 | |
8t, [36] | Al0.5CoCrCuFeNi | 4 | −225 | −18 | −346 | −256 | −83 | −341 | −447 | 105 | −69 | 368 | 569 | −453 | 96 | 417 | |
Positive effect ratio (%) | 82 | 20 | 75 | 14 | 18 | 70 | 16 | 7 | 89 | 70 | 98 | 98 | 7 | 89 | 98 | ||
No., [Ref] | Post−Process Input Data | ||||||||||||||||
Heat Treatment 1 | Cooling | CR | HR | Heat Treatment 2 | Forge | HIP | Heat Treatment 3 | ||||||||||
Temp (°C) | h | WQ | SC | CR (%) | Temp (°C) | HR (%) | Temp (°C) | h | Forge | Temp (°C) | Press (MPa) | h | Temp (°C) | h | |||
1, [9] | −142 | 190 | −104 | 9 | 153 | 56 | 8 | −12 | 301 | 609 | −39 | −38 | −77 | −56 | −1595 | ||
2, [14] | −63 | 86 | −2 | 5 | 115 | 51 | −8 | −25 | 195 | 398 | −20 | −40 | −55 | 6 | −215 | ||
3, [15] | −90 | 175 | −29 | 15 | 151 | 55 | 10 | −8 | 285 | 595 | −30 | −41 | −50 | −9 | −360 | ||
4, [16] | −148 | 181 | −110 | 1 | 144 | 48 | 2 | −20 | 292 | 600 | −47 | −45 | −83 | −62 | −1020 | ||
5, [9] | 31 | 358 | 73 | 175 | 320 | 223 | 175 | 155 | 468 | 778 | 133 | 129 | 112 | 136 | −929 | ||
6, [18] | −129 | 199 | −91 | 19 | 162 | 67 | 20 | −2 | 311 | 618 | −28 | −26 | −64 | −43 | −1012 | ||
7, [19] | −90 | 123 | −29 | 4 | 156 | 29 | −4 | 2 | 249 | 493 | −47 | −59 | −82 | −21 | −273 | ||
8, [20] | −146 | 183 | −108 | 3 | 146 | 50 | 4 | −18 | 294 | 602 | −45 | −43 | −81 | −60 | −1040 | ||
9, [21] | −69 | 143 | −8 | 16 | 137 | 54 | 6 | −18 | 253 | 563 | −26 | −34 | −46 | 0 | −224 | ||
10, [22] | −149 | 179 | −111 | −1 | 142 | 47 | 0 | −22 | 291 | 598 | −48 | −46 | −84 | −63 | −1246 | ||
11, [23] | −141 | 182 | −86 | 0 | 144 | 48 | 0 | −21 | 293 | 601 | −48 | −47 | −86 | −64 | −704 | ||
12, [24] | −124 | 205 | −85 | 25 | 168 | 73 | 26 | 4 | 316 | 624 | −22 | −21 | −58 | −38 | −1375 | ||
13, [21] | −103 | 158 | −42 | −12 | 124 | 38 | −18 | −31 | 268 | 577 | −46 | −60 | −68 | −34 | −310 | ||
14, [25] | −103 | 198 | −60 | 16 | 160 | 85 | 16 | −5 | 308 | 619 | −1 | −13 | −21 | 3 | −918 | ||
15, [26] | −62 | 145 | −1 | 23 | 163 | 57 | 18 | 9 | 265 | 543 | −19 | −31 | −35 | 7 | −171 | ||
16, [27] | −323 | 7 | −285 | −173 | −30 | −125 | −173 | −194 | 118 | 426 | −221 | −220 | −259 | −238 | −1965 | ||
17, [21] | −44 | 202 | 17 | 37 | 177 | 88 | 31 | 23 | 312 | 622 | 8 | −10 | −18 | 25 | −240 | ||
18, [19] | −106 | 133 | −45 | 12 | 148 | 32 | 6 | −11 | 253 | 522 | −49 | −56 | −68 | −24 | −280 | ||
19, [18] | −87 | 241 | −49 | 61 | 204 | 109 | 62 | 40 | 353 | 660 | 14 | 15 | −22 | −1 | −991 | ||
20, [24] | −236 | 92 | −198 | −87 | 55 | −40 | −87 | −108 | 204 | 511 | −135 | −133 | −172 | −150 | −1170 | ||
21, [28] | −45 | 288 | −7 | 105 | 250 | 153 | 105 | 85 | 398 | 708 | 58 | 59 | 20 | 41 | −1145 | ||
22, [26] | −245 | −44 | −184 | −163 | −29 | −124 | −171 | −183 | 76 | 358 | −202 | −212 | −220 | −176 | −362 | ||
23, [25] | 361 | 692 | 399 | 511 | 655 | 559 | 511 | 490 | 803 | 1111 | 463 | 464 | 425 | 447 | −1260 | ||
24, [29] | −159 | −12 | −117 | −104 | 13 | −64 | −94 | −127 | 109 | 394 | −128 | −132 | −136 | −109 | −300 | ||
25, [30] | −513 | −183 | −475 | −363 | −220 | −315 | −363 | −384 | −71 | 236 | −410 | −409 | −448 | −427 | −2000 | ||
26, [31] | −422 | −94 | −384 | −274 | −131 | −226 | −273 | −295 | 18 | 325 | −321 | −319 | −357 | −336 | −1575 | ||
27, [32] | 135 | 468 | 178 | 285 | 430 | 333 | 285 | 264 | 578 | 887 | 238 | 239 | 199 | 221 | −410 | ||
28, [20] | −481 | −180 | −420 | −358 | −218 | −310 | −363 | −381 | −70 | 239 | −395 | −408 | −415 | −391 | −790 | ||
29, [23] | −65 | 260 | −12 | 78 | 222 | 126 | 78 | 57 | 371 | 678 | 30 | 31 | −8 | 14 | −630 | ||
30, [27] | −557 | −227 | −519 | −407 | −264 | −359 | −407 | −428 | −115 | 192 | −455 | −454 | −493 | −472 | −2035 | ||
31, [18] | −459 | −130 | −421 | −310 | −168 | −263 | −309 | −331 | −19 | 289 | −358 | −356 | −394 | −373 | −1330 | ||
32, [14] | −153 | 69 | −92 | −65 | 54 | −26 | −74 | −104 | 179 | 489 | −108 | −115 | −126 | −83 | −357 | ||
33, [33] | 329 | 658 | 368 | 478 | 621 | 526 | 479 | 457 | 769 | 1077 | 431 | 432 | 394 | 415 | −879 | ||
34, [22] | 488 | 817 | 526 | 637 | 779 | 684 | 638 | 616 | 928 | 1236 | 589 | 591 | 553 | 574 | −1058 | ||
35, [34] | −234 | 95 | −195 | −85 | 58 | −37 | −84 | −106 | 206 | 514 | −132 | −131 | −169 | −148 | −1092 | ||
36, [27] | 80 | 411 | 119 | 231 | 374 | 279 | 230 | 210 | 523 | 830 | 183 | 184 | 145 | 167 | −1280 | ||
1t, [35] | −905 | −674 | −849 | −803 | −653 | −780 | −809 | −807 | −560 | −255 | −862 | −868 | −914 | −856 | −1284 | ||
2t, [26] | −85 | 120 | −24 | −2 | 137 | 35 | −7 | −17 | 240 | 520 | −41 | −53 | −58 | −16 | −197 | ||
3t, [27] | −380 | −50 | −342 | −230 | −87 | −182 | −230 | −251 | 62 | 369 | −278 | −277 | −316 | −295 | −1965 | ||
4t, [25] | −196 | 137 | −158 | −45 | 99 | 3 | −46 | −66 | 247 | 557 | −93 | −92 | −132 | −110 | −1298 | ||
5t, [19] | −146 | −71 | −142 | −130 | −41 | −101 | −127 | −132 | 38 | 244 | −131 | −127 | −133 | −138 | −175 | ||
6t, [25] | 117 | 450 | 156 | 268 | 412 | 316 | 267 | 247 | 560 | 869 | 220 | 221 | 182 | 203 | −1105 | ||
7t, [30] | −697 | −364 | −659 | −547 | −403 | −499 | −547 | −568 | −254 | 55 | −595 | −594 | −633 | −611 | −1841 | ||
8t, [36] | −283 | −51 | −227 | −181 | −31 | −158 | −186 | −185 | 62 | 368 | −239 | −246 | −292 | −234 | −655 | ||
Ratio (%) | 16 | 73 | 18 | 55 | 73 | 64 | 50 | 32 | 86 | 98 | 25 | 23 | 18 | 32 | 0 |
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Choi, S.; Yi, S.; Kim, J.; Shin, B.; Hyun, S. High-Entropy Alloys Properties Prediction Model by Using Artificial Neural Network Algorithm. Metals 2021, 11, 1559. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11101559
Choi S, Yi S, Kim J, Shin B, Hyun S. High-Entropy Alloys Properties Prediction Model by Using Artificial Neural Network Algorithm. Metals. 2021; 11(10):1559. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11101559
Chicago/Turabian StyleChoi, Sanggyu, Sung Yi, Junghan Kim, Byungsue Shin, and Soongkeun Hyun. 2021. "High-Entropy Alloys Properties Prediction Model by Using Artificial Neural Network Algorithm" Metals 11, no. 10: 1559. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11101559