Renovation of Crystallizer Surface Using Electrodeposited Alloy Coating to Increase High-Temperature Abrasion Resistance
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Chemical Analysis of Ni-Co Coatings
3.2. Surface and Surface Microgeometry
3.3. Mechanical Characteristics
3.4. Tribological Characteristics
3.5. Profile Analysis
4. Conclusions
- Knowledge of the dependence between the components content in the electrolyte, which are part of the binary system of formed coating, and the content of these components in the crystallized coating is the basis for effective galvanic process control.
- Coating hardness depends on chemical composition, microstructure, coating strength, etc. By increasing the amount of Co by 13.83 wt. % up to 31.80 wt. %, the microhardness raises from 318 HV0.05 to 329 HV0.05 at 23 °C and from 248 HV0.05 to 297 HV0.05 at 400 °C. However, a further increase in Co content results in a drop in the microhardness to 316 HV0.05 at 23 °C and 282 HV0.05 at 400 °C. When heated to 400 °C, the microhardness values decreased by 9.5 to 22% (depending on Co content in the coating) compared to the values which were measured at 23 °C.
- The COF values at room temperature ranged from 0.373 to 0.451 for the Ni-Co coating with increasing Co content. The change in COF for the Ni-Co coating at 400 °C was in the range of values from 0.680 to 0.750 depending on the Co amount in the coating. Cobalt redistribution in the tribo track affected tribo behavior. The places with higher wt. % Co had better friction properties than the places with lower wt. % Co.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Number | Electrolyte Parameters | Coating Process Parameters | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Composition | pH | Temperature (°C) | Current Density (A dm−2) ** | Deposit Time (min) | |
1 | 640 g L−1 NiSO4. 6H2O, 10–20 g L−1 NiCl2, 8–40 g L−1 CoSO4. 7H2O, 20–30 g L−1 H3BO3 * | 4 | 55 | 1 | 15–25 |
2 | 2 | ||||
3 | 4 | ||||
4 | 6 |
Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Pin-on-ball | Al2O3 ø 6 mm |
Path length | 500 m |
Load | 5 N |
Path radius | 2 mm |
Temperature | 400 °C |
Sliding speed | 5·10−2 m s−1 |
Sample Number | Parameter | Copper Substrate | Ni-Co Coatings | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Deposit Current Density (A·dm−2) | Ra (µm) | Rz (µm) | Pc (1/cm) | Ra (µm) | Rz (µm) | Pc (1/cm) | |
1 | 1 | 5.4 | 29.5 | 54 | 4.7 | 24.5 | 50 |
2 | 2 | 2.8 | 18.1 | 133 | 2.3 | 14.5 | 110 |
3 | 4 | 2.7 | 16.8 | 146 | 2.1 | 11.4 | 173 |
4 | 6 | 2.8 | 18.7 | 88 | 2.8 | 18.0 | 72 |
Place/Element | Sample | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 (1 A dm−2) | 2 (2 A dm−2) | 3 (4 A dm−2) | 4 (6 A dm−2) | |||||||||||||
O | Co | Ni | Cu | O | Co | Ni | Cu | O | Co | Ni | Cu | O | Co | Ni | Cu | |
A | 19.2 | 27.4 | 51.3 | 3.4 | 16.9 | 9.8 | 39.1 | 34.2 | 17.1 | 8.3 | 37.4 | 38.0 | 15.4 | 8.1 | 31.1 | 45.4 |
B | 20.2 | 11.3 | 23.0 | 45.1 | 17.6 | 3.6 | 17.5 | 61.3 | 23.3 | 3.4 | 18.1 | 55.3 | 18.3 | 4.4 | 15.2 | 62.1 |
C | 18.4 | 24.4 | 46.3 | 11.2 | 49.7 | 4.8 | 20.3 | 25.1 | 23.3 | 9.0 | 46.2 | 20.2 | 19.2 | 10.4 | 37.1 | 21.0 |
Data | 400 °C | 23 °C | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample 1 | Sample 2 | Sample 3 | Sample 4 | Sample 1 | Sample 2 | Sample 3 | Sample 4 | |
Width (mm) | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.4 |
Depth (µm) | 61.1 | 60.2 | 71.4 | 32.1 | 6.4 | 10.1 | 11.6 | 5.2 |
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Brezinová, J.; Hagarová, M.; Jakubéczyová, D.; Baranová, G.; Prentkovskis, O. Renovation of Crystallizer Surface Using Electrodeposited Alloy Coating to Increase High-Temperature Abrasion Resistance. Metals 2021, 11, 1629. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11101629
Brezinová J, Hagarová M, Jakubéczyová D, Baranová G, Prentkovskis O. Renovation of Crystallizer Surface Using Electrodeposited Alloy Coating to Increase High-Temperature Abrasion Resistance. Metals. 2021; 11(10):1629. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11101629
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrezinová, Janette, Mária Hagarová, Dagmar Jakubéczyová, Gabriela Baranová, and Olegas Prentkovskis. 2021. "Renovation of Crystallizer Surface Using Electrodeposited Alloy Coating to Increase High-Temperature Abrasion Resistance" Metals 11, no. 10: 1629. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11101629