Hot-Deformation Behavior and Processing Maps of a Low-Carbon Fe-2 wt% Nb Steel
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Materials and Procedure
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Hot-Compressive Stress–Strain Curves
3.2. Hot-Compressive-Deformation Model
3.3. Hot-Processing Maps
3.4. Microstructural Evolution
4. Conclusions
- The constitutive equations of hot deformation are as follows:
- Based on the experimental data, the processing maps were obtained. For the ferrite matrix condition, the feasible regions are in the 850–950 °C range with strain rates of 0.4–10 s−1 and 800–950 °C with strain rates of 0.01–0.03 s−1, respectively. For the austenite matrix, the feasible region ranges from 1000 °C to 1150 °C with strain rates of 0.01–0.05 s−1.
- In the safe domains, with an increase in , the grains are gradually refined, showing a typical recrystallization structure. However, in the instable domains, the grains are elongated and separated without recrystallization, showing typical rheological-instability characteristics.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Element | Nb | C | Cr | Ni | V | P | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
wt% | 2.110 | 0.198 | 0.026 | 0.017 | 0.013 | 0.010 | bal |
T | n0 | β | α | n | A | Q (KJ/mol) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
800–950 °C | 6.77 | 0.061 | 0.0089 | 5.25 | 2.15 × 107 | 197.23 |
1000–1150 °C | 6.32 | 0.063 | 0.0099 | 4.96 | 1.77 × 107 | 213.86 |
800–1150 °C | 5.55 | 0.064 | 0.0115 | 4.21 | 3.88 × 107 | 266.59 |
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Luo, W.; Cai, P.; Hou, Z.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, L.; Wu, G. Hot-Deformation Behavior and Processing Maps of a Low-Carbon Fe-2 wt% Nb Steel. Metals 2021, 11, 1939. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11121939
Luo W, Cai P, Hou Z, Wang Y, Zhang L, Wu G. Hot-Deformation Behavior and Processing Maps of a Low-Carbon Fe-2 wt% Nb Steel. Metals. 2021; 11(12):1939. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11121939
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuo, Wentao, Pengzhan Cai, Ziyong Hou, Yuhui Wang, Ling Zhang, and Guilin Wu. 2021. "Hot-Deformation Behavior and Processing Maps of a Low-Carbon Fe-2 wt% Nb Steel" Metals 11, no. 12: 1939. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11121939