Comparative Study on the Kinetics of the Isothermal Reduction of Iron Ore Composite Pellets Using Coke, Charcoal, and Biomass as Reducing Agents
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Experimental Procedure
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Reduction Mechanism Analysis
3.2. Comparison of the Reduction Behaviors of Carbon Iron Ore Composite Pellets with Different Reducing Agents
3.3. Kinetic Analysis
3.4. Evaluation of the Apparent Activation Energies of Composite Pellets with Different Reducing Agents
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Raw Materials | TFe | FeO | SiO2 | CaO | MgO | Al2O3 | K2O | Na2O | S | P | LOI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Iron ore | 65.250 | 1.050 | 3.570 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.160 | 0.200 | 0.100 | 0.200 | 0.042 | 1.420 |
Bentonite | 1.42 | - | 62.56 | 3.060 | 2.980 | 13.16 | 1.660 | 2.190 | 0.010 | 0.015 | - |
Reducing Agent Name | Moisture | Ash | Volatile Matter | Fixed Carbon |
---|---|---|---|---|
Coke | 2.4 | 19.95 | 1.1 | 76.55 |
Charcoal | - | 2.15 | 15.52 | 82.33 |
Biomass | - | 3.01 | 11.36 | 85.63 |
Kinetic Equation | Reducing Agents | 900 °C | 1000 °C | 1100 °C | 1200 °C |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coke | y = 0.0096x | y = 0.0124x | y = 0.0218x | y = 0.0337x | |
r2 = 0.957 | r2 = 0.935 | r2 = 0.913 | r2 = 0.919 | ||
Charcoal | y = 0.0132x | y = 0.0241x | y = 0.0325x | y = 0.0347x | |
r2 = 0.939 | r2 = 0.965 | r2 = 0.964 | r2 = 0.951 | ||
Biomass | y = 0.0159x | y = 0.0227x | y = 0.0284x | y = 0.0381x | |
r2 = 0.934 | r2 = 0.919 | r2 = 0.916 | r2 = 0.918 | ||
Coke | y = 0.0029x | y = 0.0036x | y = 0.0057x | y = 0.0078x | |
r2 = 0.950 | r2 = 0.924 | r2 = 0.892 | r2 = 0.885 | ||
Charcoal | y = 0.0038x | y = 0.0061x | y = 0.0076x | y = 0.0079x | |
r2 = 0.927 | r2 = 0.940 | r2 = 0.930 | r2 = 0.914 | ||
Biomass | y = 0.0044x | y = 0.0059x | y = 0.0069x | y = 0.0084x | |
r2 = 0.918 | r2 = 0.896 | r2 = 0.888 | r2 = 0.877 | ||
Coke | y = 0.0006x | y = 0.0009x | y = 0.0022x | y = 0.0042x | |
r2 = 0.990 | r2 = 0.980 | r2 = 0.957 | r2 = 0.951 | ||
Charcoal | y = 0.0010x | y = 0.0026x | y = 0.0040x | y = 0.0044x | |
r2 = 0.982 | r2 = 0.997 | r2 = 0.991 | r2 = 0.982 | ||
Biomass | y = 0.0014x | y = 0.0024x | y = 0.0033x | y = 0.0049x | |
r2 = 0.980 | r2 = 0.962 | r2 = 0.953 | r2 = 0.948 | ||
Coke | y = 0.0005x | y = 0.0007x | y = 0.0016x | y = 0.0027x | |
r2 = 0.988 | r2 = 0.974 | r2 = 0.942 | r2 = 0.926 | ||
Charcoal | y = 0.0008x | y = 0.0019x | y = 0.0026x | y = 0.0027x | |
r2 = 0.976 | r2 = 0.989 | r2 = 0.976 | r2 = 0.960 | ||
Biomass | y = 0.0011x | y = 0.0017x | y = 0.0022x | y = 0.0030x | |
r2 = 0.971 | r2 = 0.947 | r2 = 0.933 | r2 = 0.916 |
Reducing Agents | A/(s−1) | E/(kJ·mol−1) |
---|---|---|
Coke | 9.653 | 95.81 |
Charcoal | 1.843 | 71.67 |
Biomass | 0.586 | 58.69 |
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Yuan, X.; Luo, F.; Liu, S.; Zhang, M.; Zhou, D. Comparative Study on the Kinetics of the Isothermal Reduction of Iron Ore Composite Pellets Using Coke, Charcoal, and Biomass as Reducing Agents. Metals 2021, 11, 340. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11020340
Yuan X, Luo F, Liu S, Zhang M, Zhou D. Comparative Study on the Kinetics of the Isothermal Reduction of Iron Ore Composite Pellets Using Coke, Charcoal, and Biomass as Reducing Agents. Metals. 2021; 11(2):340. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11020340
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuan, Xiaoli, Fuming Luo, Shifeng Liu, Mingyuan Zhang, and Dongshan Zhou. 2021. "Comparative Study on the Kinetics of the Isothermal Reduction of Iron Ore Composite Pellets Using Coke, Charcoal, and Biomass as Reducing Agents" Metals 11, no. 2: 340. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11020340