Zn-Co-CeO2 vs. Zn-Co Coatings: Effect of CeO2 Sol in the Enhancement of the Corrosion Performance of Electrodeposited Composite Coatings
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization of Plating Solutions
3.2. Morphology and Composition of Zn-Co and Zn-Co-CeO2 Coatings
3.3. Surface Roughness Determination
3.4. X-ray Diffraction Analyses
3.5. Polarization Tests and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
3.6. Scanning Kelvin Probe (SKP) Surface Scan of Coatings
3.7. SKP Line Scans of Coating with Artificial Defect
4. Conclusions
- −
- The ceria sol proved to be superior as a particle source in the plating solution compared to commonly used commercial powder, in terms of dispersity and stability of the plating solution.
- −
- The use of ultrasound agitation failed at effectively de-agglomerating the commercial powder particle clusters. The size of the particle diameter (94.9% abundance) was 4979 nm.
- −
- The ceria particles incorporated into the Zn-Co matrix caused morphological changes and refinement of grain sizes. The changes in morphology were more obvious when ceria sol was used; the cauliflower-like structures were replaced by more uniform and compact coral-like structures. The size of cauliflower-like agglomerates of alloy grains was reduced from 30 µm to 2 µm when ceria powder was incorporated into the matrix. When ceria sol was used as a particle source, coral-like forms with a size of about 500 nm were obtained. The incorporated particles were distributed homogeneously throughout the coating, as confirmed by mapping. The electrodeposition from the solution containing ceria sol was beneficial for ceria content, homogeneous distribution of particles in the deposit and finer surface finish (lower roughness and better compactness) of the coating.
- −
- The performed electrochemical tests, i.e., polarization tests, EIS and SKP, showed that Zn-Co coatings doped with ceria particles during ultrasound-assisted electrodeposition possess protective properties either in terms of barrier or self-healing activity.
- −
- The Zn-Co-CeO2 (CeO2 sol) composite coating showed superior protective properties compared to Zn-Co-CeO2 (CeO2powder) coating as a result of compact and uniform morphology as well as higher ceria content that proved to be an efficient self-healing agent. The corrosion current density of Zn-Co-CeO2 (CeO2 sol) composite coating was lower and the Rct value four times higher compared to Zn-Co-CeO2 (CeO2 powder) coating.
- −
- The SKP surface scan showed a shift of potential to more positive values after 24 h in 3 wt% NaCl for Zn-Co-CeO2 (CeO2 sol) composite coating, indicating advanced protection of steel due to the self-healing effect of ceria particles. SKP results allowed calculating the percentage of the self-healing rate of the artificial defect, found to be 73.28% after 2 h in a chloride-rich environment.
- −
- The combination of traditional electrochemical techniques (polarization tests and EIS) and SKP highlighted a variety of results hardly to be accomplished if such methods were simply used alone.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Elements (wt.%) | Type of Coatings | ||
---|---|---|---|
Zn-Co | Zn-Co-CeO2 (CeO2 Powder) | Zn-Co-CeO2 (CeO2 Sol) | |
Zinc | 96.89 | 94.72 | 92.90 |
Cobalt | 3.11 | 3.61 | 3.34 |
Cerium | - | 1.67 | 3.76 |
Zn-Co | Zn-Co-CeO2 (CeO2 Powder) | Zn-Co-CeO2 (CeO2 sol) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sz | Sa | Sz | Sa | Sz | Sa |
23.5 | 3.7 | 23.4 | 2.4 | 16.4 | 1.6 |
Sample | –Ecorr /V | jcorr /µA cm–2 |
---|---|---|
Zn-Co | 1.055 | 31.0 |
Zn-Co-CeO2 (powder) | 1.065 | 9.5 |
Zn-Co-CeO2 (sol) | 1.089 | 5.4 |
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Riđošić, M.; Nikolić, N.D.; Salicio-Paz, A.; García-Lecina, E.; Živković, L.S.; Bajat, J.B. Zn-Co-CeO2 vs. Zn-Co Coatings: Effect of CeO2 Sol in the Enhancement of the Corrosion Performance of Electrodeposited Composite Coatings. Metals 2021, 11, 704. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11050704
Riđošić M, Nikolić ND, Salicio-Paz A, García-Lecina E, Živković LS, Bajat JB. Zn-Co-CeO2 vs. Zn-Co Coatings: Effect of CeO2 Sol in the Enhancement of the Corrosion Performance of Electrodeposited Composite Coatings. Metals. 2021; 11(5):704. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11050704
Chicago/Turabian StyleRiđošić, Marija, Nebojša D. Nikolić, Asier Salicio-Paz, Eva García-Lecina, Ljiljana S. Živković, and Jelena B. Bajat. 2021. "Zn-Co-CeO2 vs. Zn-Co Coatings: Effect of CeO2 Sol in the Enhancement of the Corrosion Performance of Electrodeposited Composite Coatings" Metals 11, no. 5: 704. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11050704