Fatigue and Crack Growth under Constant- and Variable-Amplitude Loading in 9310 Steel Using “Rainflow-on-the-Fly” Methodology
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Specimen Configurations
3. “Rainflow-on-the-Fly” Methodology
4. Fatigue-Crack-Growth and Fracture Tests on 9310 Steel
5. Fatigue-Crack-Growth and Crack-Closure Analyses
6. Fatigue Behavior of Notched Specimens
7. Concluding Remarks
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
a | crack depth in thickness direction, mm |
ai | initial crack depth in thickness direction, mm |
B | specimen thickness, mm |
c | crack length in width direction, mm |
ci | initial crack length in width direction, mm |
D | single-edge-notch diameter, mm |
da/dN | crack-growth rate in depth direction, m/cycle |
dc/dN | crack-growth rate in width direction, m/cycle |
E | modulus of elasticity, GPa |
F | boundary-correction factor |
Fn | boundary-correction factor based on net-section stress |
K | stress-intensity factor, MPa√m |
KF | elastic-plastic fracture toughness, MPa√m |
KIe | elastic fracture toughness, MPa√m |
Kmax | maximum stress-intensity factor, MPa√m |
KT | elastic stress-concentration factor |
m | fracture toughness parameter |
N | number of cycles |
Nf | number of cycles to failure |
P | applied load, kN |
Pf | failure load, kN |
Pmax | maximum applied load, kN |
Pmin | minimum applied load, kN |
R | load ratio (Pmin/Pmax) |
S | applied remote stress, MPa |
Smax | maximum applied stress, MPa |
Smin | minimum applied stress, MPa |
So | crack-opening stress, MPa |
w | specimen width, mm |
α | tensile constraint factor |
ΔK | stress-intensity factor range, MPa√m |
ΔKc | stress-intensity-factor range at failure, MPa√m |
ΔKeff | effective stress-intensity factor range, MPa√m |
(ΔKeff)th | effective stress-intensity factor range threshold, MPa√m |
(ΔKeff)T | effective stress-intensity factor range transition, MPa√m |
ΔKo | effective threshold as a function of R, MPa√m |
ρ | plastic-zone size, mm |
σo | flow stress (average of σys and σu), MPa |
σys | yield stress (0.2 percent offset), MPa |
σu | ultimate tensile strength, MPa |
ω | cyclic plastic-zone size, mm |
Abbreviations
BFS | back-face strain |
CPCA | compression pre-cracking constant amplitude |
CPLR | compression pre-cracking load reduction |
C(T) | compact (tension) specimen |
SEN(B) | single-edge-notch (bend) specimen |
SEN(T) | single-edge-notch (tension) specimen |
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ΔKeff, (MPa-m1/2) | da/dN and dc/dN (m/cycle) | Crack-Growth, Fracture and Tensile Properties |
---|---|---|
2.30 | 1.0 × 10−11 | ΔKo = 0 q = 6 |
2.45 | 1.5 × 10−10 | α1 = 2.5 at 1.0 × 10−7 m/cycle |
2.80 | 4.0 × 10−10 | α2 = 1.15 at 1.0 × 10−5 m/cycle |
3.50 | 1.0 × 10−9 | KF = 500 MPa-m1/2 |
4.40 | 2.0 × 10−9 | m = 0.5 |
9.50 | 1.0 × 10−8 | σys = 980 MPa |
20.0 | 1.0 × 10−7 | σu = 1250 MPa |
50.0 | 8.0 × 10−7 | σo = 1115 MPa |
120.0 | 6.0 × 10−6 | E = 208.6 GPa |
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Newman, J.C., Jr. Fatigue and Crack Growth under Constant- and Variable-Amplitude Loading in 9310 Steel Using “Rainflow-on-the-Fly” Methodology. Metals 2021, 11, 807. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11050807
Newman JC Jr. Fatigue and Crack Growth under Constant- and Variable-Amplitude Loading in 9310 Steel Using “Rainflow-on-the-Fly” Methodology. Metals. 2021; 11(5):807. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11050807
Chicago/Turabian StyleNewman, James C., Jr. 2021. "Fatigue and Crack Growth under Constant- and Variable-Amplitude Loading in 9310 Steel Using “Rainflow-on-the-Fly” Methodology" Metals 11, no. 5: 807. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11050807