A Short Review on Recent Advances of Hydrogel-Based Adsorbents for Heavy Metal Ions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Chemical Precipitation
3. Coagulation and Flocculation
4. Membrane Filtration
5. Ion-Flotation
6. Ion-Exchange
7. Electrochemical Treatment
8. Adsorption
9. Hydrogels Adsorbents for Heavy Metal Ions
10. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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S.No | Hydrogel Adsorbents | Adsorption Capacity (Qe (mg.g−1)) | Removal Efficiency (%) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Poly(vinylpyrrolidone/acrylic acid) copolymer hydrogel | Fe(III)-20, Mn(II)-1, and Cu(II)-11 | [84] | |
2. | Gelatin-chitosan hydrogel particles | - | Hg(II)-98, Pb(II)-34, Cd(II)-20, and Cr(III)-16 | [96] |
3. | Chitosan-polyvinylalcohol hydrogel beads | Pb(II)-0.9 | - | [97] |
4. | Spherical chitosan-gelatin hydrogel particles | Hg(II)-47.5, Pb(II)-7.62, Cd(II)-0, Cr(III)-1.5 | Hg(II)-84.7, Pb(II)-8.7, Cd(II)-0, and Cr(III)-6.7 | [58] |
5. | Graphene oxide embedded chitosan-gelatin hydrogel particles | Hg(II)-54.6, Pb(II)-5.4, Cd(II)-1.67, Cr(III)-0 | Hg(II)-54.6, Pb(II)-7.3, Cd(II)-1.9, and Cr(III)-0 | [59] |
6. | Cationic hydrogels | - | As(V)-99.7 | [98] |
7. | Poly(acrlic acid-co-acrylamide) hydrogels | Cu(II)-211.7 | - | [99] |
8. | Poly(acrylamide-co-sodium methacrylate) hydrogel | Cu(II)-24.05 and Cd(II)-33.0 | Cu(II)-48 and Cd(II)-66 | [100] |
9. | Soybean hydrogel | Cd(II)-1.43 mmol.g−1 and Pb(II)-2.04 mmol.g−1 | - | [101] |
10. | Terpolymer/montmorillonite nanocomposite hydrogels | U(VI)-0.723 mol.g−1 | - | [102] |
11. | Acrylamide and acrylic acid hydrogels | U(VI)-236.6 | - | [103] |
12. | Chitosan hydrogel beads | Cu(II)-130 | - | [104] |
13. | Hydrogel-clay nanocomposites | Cu(II)-1.07 mmol.g−1, Cd(II)-1.28 mmol.g−1, and Pb(II) 1.03 mmol.g−1 | - | [105] |
14. | Chitosan-based hydrogel | Ni(II)-161.8 | - | [106] |
15. | N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone–itaconic acid Hydrogels | Cu(II)-2.1 mmol.g−1 and Pb(II)-0.6 mmol.g−1 | - | [107] |
16. | Thiourea-based hydrogel | Pt(II)-477 and Pd(II)-407 | Pt(II)-96.8 | [108] |
17. | Polyacrylamide-based hydrogel | Cd(II)-5.3 mmol.g−1, Pb(II)-0.63 mmol.g−1, and Zn(II)-1.27 mmol.g−1 | - | [109] |
18. | Graphene oxide composite hydrogel | Cu(II)-5.99 | - | [110] |
S.No | Hydrogel Adsorbents | Adsorption Capacity (Qe (mg.g−1)) | Removal Efficiency (%) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Polyacrylic acid hydrogel | Cd(II)-132.9, Cr(VI)-58.1, Fe(III)-12.4, Mn(II)-120.4, Ni(II)-128.8, Ag(I) and Ce(III)-203.5, Zn(II)-157.8 | Cd(II)-57.1, Cr(VI)-26.9, Fe(III)-5.3, Mn(II)-52.7, Ni(II)-52.5, Ag(I)-45.3, Ce(III)-70, Zn(II)-58.4 | [79] |
2. | Spherical chitosan-gelatin hydrogel particles | Hg(II)-42.7, Pb(II)-67.6, Cd(II)-46.8, and Cr(III)-19.2 | Hg(II)-93, Pb(II)-76.6, Cd(II)-73.4, and Cr(III)-84.2 | [58] |
3. | Gelatin-chitosan hydrogel | - | Hg(II)-97, Pb(II)-12, Cd(II)-2, and Cr(III)-24 | [96] |
4. | Cellulose-hydrogel composite | Pb(II)-146.19 and Zn(II)-286.67 | - | [111] |
5. | Graphene oxide embedded chitosan-gelatin hydrogel particles | Hg(II)-60.2, Pb(II)-60.1, Cd(II)-39.6, Cr(III)-14.4 | Hg(II)-92.5, Pb(II)-78.4, Cd(II)-74.0, and Cr(III)-80.0 | [59] |
6. | Sulfonic acid-based hydrogels | Cd(II)-0.95, Cu(II)-0.87, Fe(III)-0.83, Zn(II)-1.00, Mn(II)-0.77, and Pb(II)-0.18 | - | [88] |
7. | Itaconic-based hydrogels | Cu(II)-2.1 mmol.g−1 and Pb(II)-0.6 mmol.g−1 | - | [107] |
8. | Alginate fibroid hydrogel | Cu(II)-316.0, Cd(II)-232.35, and Pb(II)-465.2 | - | [112] |
9. | poly (vinyl alcohol)/poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) | Pb(II)-340 and Cd(II)-155.1 | Pb(II)-88.1, Cd(II)-91.4, Zn(II)-70.4, Cu(II)-77.4, Mn(II)-42.5, Ni(II)-45.1, and Fe(III)-95.4 | [113] |
10. | Guanidine-based hydrogel | Pb(II)-27.3 and Cd(II)-28.5 | - | [114] |
11. | Graphene oxide/alginate hydrogel membrane | Pb(II)-327.9 and Cr(III)-118.6 | - | [115] |
12. | Iron crosslinked-chitosan beads | As(III)-21.24 and As(V)-27.59 | - | [116] |
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Perumal, S.; Atchudan, R.; Edison, T.N.J.I.; Babu, R.S.; Karpagavinayagam, P.; Vedhi, C. A Short Review on Recent Advances of Hydrogel-Based Adsorbents for Heavy Metal Ions. Metals 2021, 11, 864. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11060864
Perumal S, Atchudan R, Edison TNJI, Babu RS, Karpagavinayagam P, Vedhi C. A Short Review on Recent Advances of Hydrogel-Based Adsorbents for Heavy Metal Ions. Metals. 2021; 11(6):864. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11060864
Chicago/Turabian StylePerumal, Suguna, Raji Atchudan, Thomas Nesakumar Jebakumar Immanuel Edison, Rajendran Suresh Babu, Petchimuthu Karpagavinayagam, and Chinnapiyan Vedhi. 2021. "A Short Review on Recent Advances of Hydrogel-Based Adsorbents for Heavy Metal Ions" Metals 11, no. 6: 864. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11060864