Analysis of the Visual Appearance of AISI 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel Flat Sheets Manufactured by Cool Rolling and Bright Annealing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Bright Annealing
- Yield strength, Rp0.2 > 260 MPa;
- Tensile strength, Rm = 450–600 MPa;
- Elongation > 25%;
- Hardness < 185 HB;
- Modulus of elasticity at 20 °C = 220 GPa.
2.2. Surface Metrology
2.3. Optical Reflection Spectra
3. Results
3.1. Surface Metrology
3.2. Optical Reflection
4. Discussion
- 0 < ΔE* < 1: the observer does not notice the color difference;
- 1 < ΔE* < 2: only an experienced observer notices the difference;
- 2 < ΔE* < 3.5: an inexperienced observer also notices the difference;
- 3.5 < ΔE* < 5: a clear difference in color is noticed;
- 5 < ΔE*: the observer notices two different colors.
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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ASTM DESIGNATION | EN 10088 DESIGNATION | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | N |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
430 | 1.4016 | ≤0.080 | ≤1.00 | ≤1.00 | ≤0.040 | ≤0.015 | 16.00–18.00 | ≤0.045 |
Sample | A (μm) | B (μm) | r | |
---|---|---|---|---|
#1 | 10.99 | 32.79 | 0.983 | 0.0123 |
#2 | 10.67 | 36.25 | 0.985 | 0.0146 |
#3 | 9.66 | 29.94 | 0.980 | 0.0143 |
#4 | 9.72 | 41.41 | 0.975 | 0.0204 |
#5 | 12.35 | 24.48 | 0.986 | 0.0067 |
#6 | 10.93 | 28.00 | 0.978 | 0.0103 |
#7 | 10.31 | 33.03 | 0.975 | 0.0141 |
#8 | 11.62 | 27.26 | 0.982 | 0.0088 |
#9 | 11.77 | 29.41 | 0.985 | 0.0094 |
#10 | 10.65 | 34.67 | 0.982 | 0.0140 |
#11 | 11.31 | 29.08 | 0.976 | 0.0100 |
#12 | 10.58 | 33.46 | 0.983 | 0.0136 |
#13 | 11.40 | 32.83 | 0.983 | 0.0115 |
#14 | 10.37 | 42.12 | 0.981 | 0.0182 |
#15 | 10.68 | 34.94 | 0.983 | 0.0140 |
#16 | 10.33 | 31.55 | 0.979 | 0.0133 |
#17 | 10.67 | 31.23 | 0.983 | 0.0123 |
#18 | 12.26 | 23.73 | 0.980 | 0.0066 |
#19 | 11.25 | 29.60 | 0.983 | 0.0104 |
#20 | 9.68 | 34.40 | 0.979 | 0.0166 |
#21 | 10.11 | 30.56 | 0.980 | 0.0134 |
#22 | 10.50 | 32.70 | 0.976 | 0.0134 |
#23 | 10.66 | 30.10 | 0.980 | 0.0118 |
#24 | 11.26 | 27.48 | 0.980 | 0.0094 |
#25 | 9.17 | 38.15 | 0.980 | 0.0210 |
#26 | 9.80 | 31.62 | 0.979 | 0.0148 |
#27 | 9.87 | 34.14 | 0.980 | 0.0160 |
#28 | 11.09 | 28.77 | 0.982 | 0.0103 |
#29 | 10.40 | 31.78 | 0.980 | 0.0133 |
#30 | 10.24 | 29.08 | 0.981 | 0.0123 |
#31 | 9.30 | 34.48 | 0.979 | 0.0182 |
#32 | 10.30 | 37.05 | 0.969 | 0.0161 |
#33 | 11.46 | 32.59 | 0.980 | 0.0112 |
#34 | 10.50 | 38.24 | 0.978 | 0.0161 |
#35 | 10.00 | 37.39 | 0.974 | 0.0173 |
#36 | 11.38 | 29.94 | 0.983 | 0.0103 |
#37 | 11.32 | 29.99 | 0.983 | 0.0104 |
#38 | 10.76 | 34.69 | 0.968 | 0.0137 |
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González-Leal, J.M.; Gallero, E.; Blanco, E.; Ramírez del Solar, M.; Nuñez, A.; Almagro, J.F. Analysis of the Visual Appearance of AISI 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel Flat Sheets Manufactured by Cool Rolling and Bright Annealing. Metals 2021, 11, 1058. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11071058
González-Leal JM, Gallero E, Blanco E, Ramírez del Solar M, Nuñez A, Almagro JF. Analysis of the Visual Appearance of AISI 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel Flat Sheets Manufactured by Cool Rolling and Bright Annealing. Metals. 2021; 11(7):1058. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11071058
Chicago/Turabian StyleGonzález-Leal, Juan M., Enrique Gallero, Eduardo Blanco, Milagrosa Ramírez del Solar, Andrés Nuñez, and Juan F. Almagro. 2021. "Analysis of the Visual Appearance of AISI 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel Flat Sheets Manufactured by Cool Rolling and Bright Annealing" Metals 11, no. 7: 1058. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11071058