Comparative Study for Selective Lithium Recovery via Chemical Transformations during Incineration and Dynamic Pyrolysis of EV Li-Ion Batteries
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Thermal Treatment
2.2. Chemicals Used
2.3. Analytical Techniques
2.4. Leaching Experiment and Analytical Procedure
2.5. Evaporative Crystallization
3. Results
3.1. Elemental Composition of Solid Samples
3.2. The Effect of Thermal Treatment on Li Leaching Efficiency
3.3. The Effect of L/S Ratio on the Leaching Efficiency of Li
3.4. The Effect of Leaching Temperature on the Leaching Efficiency of Li
3.5. Effect of Addition of Excess Carbon
3.6. Leaching of Al
3.7. Effect of Thermal Treatment Temperature on the Leaching Efficiency of Al
3.8. Effect of L/S Ratio on the Leaching Efficiency of Al
3.9. Effect of Leaching Temperature on the Leaching Efficiency of Al
3.10. Effect of Addition of Excess Carbon
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | Temperature (°C) | Time (min) | Li (wt.%) | Al (wt.%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Untreated | 2.2 ± 0.2 | 6.2±0.3 | ||
Incineration | 400 | 30 | 2.6 ± 0.2 | 5.9 ± 1.0 |
60 | 2.7 ± 0.1 | 6.0 ± 0.7 | ||
90 | 3.3 ± 0.1 | 9.8 ± 0.2 | ||
500 | 30 | 3.2 ± 0.2 | 11.6 ± 0.3 | |
60 | 3.1 ± 0.1 | 11.4 ± 0.5 | ||
90 | 2.4 ± 0.2 | 9.2 ± 0.9 | ||
600 | 30 | 2.0 ± 0.0 | 8.2 ± 0.3 | |
60 | 2.8 ± 0.2 | 10.0 ± 0.2 | ||
90 | 2.6 ± 0.1 | 10.3 ± 1.1 | ||
700 | 30 | 3.3 ± 0.0 | 10.1 ± 0.9 | |
60 | 3.7 ± 0.0 | 8.9 ± 0.3 | ||
90 | 3.6 ± 0.1 | 9.8 ± 0.3 | ||
Pyrolysis | 400 | 30 | 2.6 ± 0.0 | 8.5 ± 0.5 |
60 | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 9.2 ± 0.9 | ||
90 | 2.6 ± 0.1 | 9.0 ± 1.1 | ||
500 | 30 | 3.0 ± 0.0 | 8.6 ± 0.3 | |
60 | 2.8 ± 1.1 | 7.8 ± 0.7 | ||
90 | 2.7 ± 0.0 | 9.3 ± 0.9 | ||
600 | 30 | 2.8 ± 0.0 | 8.6 ± 0.6 | |
60 | 2.9 ± 0.2 | 8.7 ± 1.1 | ||
90 | 2.6 ± 0.0 | 10.3 ± 0.8 | ||
700 | 30 | 2.9 ± 0.0 | 10.3 ± 0.9 | |
60 | 3.0 ± 0.1 | 9.1 ± 0.4 | ||
90 | 2.5 ± 0.1 | 10.2 ± 0.7 | ||
Pyrolysis with additional carbon | Untreated | 3.4 ± 0.7 | 8.9 ± 0.5 | |
400 | 30 | 3.1 ± 0.1 | 5.9 ± 0.8 | |
500 | 30 | 3.2 ± 0.0 | 6.0 ± 0.0 | |
600 | 30 | 3.0 ± 0.4 | 6.4 ± 0.6 | |
700 | 30 | 3.1 ± 0.2 | 8.6 ± 1.2 |
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Balachandran, S.; Forsberg, K.; Lemaître, T.; Vieceli, N.; Lombardo, G.; Petranikova, M. Comparative Study for Selective Lithium Recovery via Chemical Transformations during Incineration and Dynamic Pyrolysis of EV Li-Ion Batteries. Metals 2021, 11, 1240. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11081240
Balachandran S, Forsberg K, Lemaître T, Vieceli N, Lombardo G, Petranikova M. Comparative Study for Selective Lithium Recovery via Chemical Transformations during Incineration and Dynamic Pyrolysis of EV Li-Ion Batteries. Metals. 2021; 11(8):1240. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11081240
Chicago/Turabian StyleBalachandran, Srija, Kerstin Forsberg, Tom Lemaître, Nathália Vieceli, Gabriele Lombardo, and Martina Petranikova. 2021. "Comparative Study for Selective Lithium Recovery via Chemical Transformations during Incineration and Dynamic Pyrolysis of EV Li-Ion Batteries" Metals 11, no. 8: 1240. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11081240