Manufacturing and Characterization of Tube-Filled ZA27 Metal Foam Heat Exchangers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Setup
2.2. Thermodynamic Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
- Comparison of the testing data revealed a heat transfer enhancement of up to 71%.
- Overall performance was found to be limited by the inefficient heat transfer between the internal mass stream and the copper tube, due to a relatively small contact area.
- For future research, we will, therefore, consider compact heat exchangers containing heat-transfer-enhancing foams that are located both inside and outside a tube.
- In addition, ZA27 foam may be replaced with aluminium foam due to the higher thermal conductivity of this metal, and to prevent the formation of a zinc hydroxite layer (see Figure 1c) that may decrease heat transfer over time.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
Mass | |
Energy | |
Local temperature | |
Local enthalpy | |
Internal mass stream | |
External mass stream | |
Internal heat transfer rate | |
Dissipated thermal energy rate | |
Velocity | |
Elevation | |
Power | |
Heat transfer rate of metal foam | |
Heat transfer rate of metal tube |
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Element | Al | Cu | Mg | Fe | Pb | Cd | Zn |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wt% | Balance |
[kg/s] | [kg/s] | [°C] | [°C] | [°C] | [°C] | [kW] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.93 | 0.91 | 59.48 | 54.71 | 18.70 | 23.79 | 18.16 | |
#1 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 59.89 | 55.18 | 18.83 | 24.07 | 17.93 |
0.90 | 0.92 | 60.11 | 55.20 | 18.58 | 23.96 | 18.89 | |
1.91 | 0.92 | 59.98 | 54.44 | 18.52 | 21.56 | 21.32 | |
#2 | 1.90 | 0.89 | 60.20 | 54.63 | 18.49 | 21.47 | 20.73 |
1.92 | 0.88 | 60.40 | 54.65 | 18.32 | 21.33 | 21.16 | |
0.90 | 2.92 | 60.01 | 57.08 | 18.57 | 28.68 | 35.79 | |
#3 | 0.92 | 2.90 | 60.00 | 57.07 | 18.67 | 28.59 | 35.54 |
0.93 | 2.85 | 60.07 | 57.12 | 18.65 | 28.50 | 35.29 | |
1.93 | 1.92 | 60.05 | 55.67 | 18.61 | 23.39 | 35.18 | |
#4 | 1.91 | 1.92 | 60.10 | 55.72 | 18.65 | 23.45 | 35.18 |
1.91 | 1.900.03 | 59.96 | 55.57 | 18.59 | 23.36 | 34.89 | |
1.88 | 2.940.04 | 60.01 | 56.45 | 18.44 | 24.51 | 43.78 | |
#5 | 1.86 | 2.98 | 60.05 | 56.50 | 18.47 | 24.62 | 44.25 |
1.85 | 2.96 | 59.93 | 56.40 | 17.61 | 23.75 | 43.71 | |
2.85 | 2.91 | 60.02 | 56.000.84 | 17.84 | 22.25 | 48.93 | |
#6 | 2.85 | 2.95 | 59.95 | 56.00 | 18.06 | 22.52 | 48.74 |
2.86 | 2.95 | 59.98 | 56.03 | 18.05 | 22.53 | 48.74 |
[kg/s] | [kg/s] | [°C] | [°C] | [°C] | [°C] | [kW] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.94 | 0.95 | 60.30 | 56.11 | 16.09 | 20.53 | 16.65 | |
#1 | 0.92 | 0.98 | 60.04 | 56.18 | 15.86 | 19.94 | 15.82 |
0.93 | 0.96 | 59.99 | 56.29 | 15.81 | 19.51 | 14.39 | |
1.91 | 0.96 | 60.12 | 55.48 | 13.88 | 16.14 | 18.63 | |
#2 | 1.91 | 0.96 | 60.03 | 55.44 | 14.14 | 16.40 | 18.43 |
1.90 | 0.98 | 59.96 | 55.40 | 14.63 | 16.90 | 18.69 | |
0.94 | 2.840.04 | 60.62 | 58.78 | 15.79 | 21.53 | 21.86 | |
#3 | 0.96 | 2.84 | 60.00 | 58.20 | 15.81 | 21.39 | 21.39 |
0.96 | 2.84 | 59.98 | 58.14 | 15.87 | 21.61 | 21.86 | |
1.91 | 1.90 | 60.28 | 57.07 | 15.21 | 18.39 | 25.51 | |
#4 | 1.89 | 1.88 | 60.00 | 56.82 | 15.27 | 18.42 | 25.01 |
1.88 | 1.89 | 59.98 | 56.82 | 15.26 | 18.46 | 24.98 | |
1.90 | 2.81 | 60.56 | 58.36 | 15.32 | 19.04 | 25.86 | |
#5 | 1.89 | 2.83 | 60.04 | 57.89 | 15.33 | 18.83 | 25.45 |
1.90 | 2.89 | 59.98 | 57.86 | 15.39 | 18.95 | 25.63 | |
2.81 | 2.80 | 60.66 | 58.05 | 15.33 | 18.24 | 30.57 | |
#6 | 2.84 | 2.83 | 60.03 | 57.44 | 15.29 | 18.12 | 30.66 |
2.84 | 2.84 | 60.00 | 57.39 | 15.30 | 18.23 | 31.01 |
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Fiedler, T.; Moore, R.; Movahedi, N. Manufacturing and Characterization of Tube-Filled ZA27 Metal Foam Heat Exchangers. Metals 2021, 11, 1277. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11081277
Fiedler T, Moore R, Movahedi N. Manufacturing and Characterization of Tube-Filled ZA27 Metal Foam Heat Exchangers. Metals. 2021; 11(8):1277. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11081277
Chicago/Turabian StyleFiedler, Thomas, Ryan Moore, and Nima Movahedi. 2021. "Manufacturing and Characterization of Tube-Filled ZA27 Metal Foam Heat Exchangers" Metals 11, no. 8: 1277. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11081277