The Influence of Tool Shape on Plastic Metal Flow, Microstructure and Properties of Friction Stir Welded 2024 Aluminum Alloy Joints
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Temperature Field
3.2. Metal Migration of Weld Cross-Section
3.3. Macroscopic Morphology of Welds
3.4. Microstructure of Welds
3.5. Micro-Hardness of Joints
3.6. Mechanical Properties of the Joint
3.7. Fracture Morphology of the Joint
4. Conclusions
- The temperature at the edge of weld has a linear relationship with the distance from the measuring point to the heat source (weld). The temperature peak of the joint welded by three different pins is related to the contact surface area of the workpiece.
- The metal in WNZ mainly comes from the base metal of advancing side. The thread is the driving force of the downward movement of FSW plastic metal. Tool pin B had the strongest ability to drive the metal downward. Tool pin C had the strongest stirring effect on metal and the smallest volume, the obstruction to metal was the least, and the fluidity of metal was the best.
- The average grain size of the WNZ under three different tool pins (tool A, B and C) was 12~18 μm, 8~14 μm, 7~12 μm, respectively The average grain size was mainly affected by the welding peak temperature: the higher the peak temperature, the larger the grain size.
- The maximum strength of the weld joint when using the conical cam thread tool was 364.87 MPa, up to 86.73% of the BM. The lowest strength of the weld joint was 337.85 MPa when using the conical thread tool. The fracture forms of joint were plastic fracture. The joints welded by the conical cam thread tool showed the best performance.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cu | Mg | Mn | Fe | Si | Zn | Al |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3.8~4.8 | 1.2~1.8 | 0.3~0.9 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.3 | Bal. |
Cu | Mg | Mn | Fe | Si | Zn | Cr | Ti | Al |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.15~0.4 | 0.8~1.2 | 0.15 | 0.7 | 0.4~0.8 | 0.25 | 0.04~0.35 | 0.15 | Bal. |
Pin | HAZ (RS) | TMAZ (RS) | WNZ | TMAZ (AS) | HAZ (AS) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 74.2 | 69.9 | 83.6 | 65.8 | 69.3 |
B | 79.8 | 74.1 | 86.9 | 72.3 | 76.1 |
C | 84.2 | 82.1 | 93.4 | 78.1 | 86.9 |
Number | TS (MPa) | Average (MPa) | JE (%) | Elongation (%) | Average (%) | Fracture Location |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | 325.69 | 337.85 | 80.44 | 9.95 | 11.07 | AS TMAZ |
A2 | 347.08 | 11.2 | AS TMAZ | |||
A3 | 340.78 | 12.06 | AS TMAZ | |||
B1 | 340.82 | 349.10 | 83.12 | 12.64 | 13.13 | AS TMAZ |
B2 | 344.73 | 12.48 | AS TMAZ | |||
B3 | 361.75 | 14.27 | AS TMAZ | |||
C1 | 359.92 | 364.27 | 86.73 | 14.91 | 14.95 | AS TMAZ |
C2 | 362.31 | 15.23 | AS TMAZ | |||
C3 | 370.58 | 14.71 | AS TMAZ |
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Sun, Y.; Liu, W.; Li, Y.; Gong, W.; Ju, C. The Influence of Tool Shape on Plastic Metal Flow, Microstructure and Properties of Friction Stir Welded 2024 Aluminum Alloy Joints. Metals 2022, 12, 408. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12030408
Sun Y, Liu W, Li Y, Gong W, Ju C. The Influence of Tool Shape on Plastic Metal Flow, Microstructure and Properties of Friction Stir Welded 2024 Aluminum Alloy Joints. Metals. 2022; 12(3):408. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12030408
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Yumeng, Wei Liu, Yupeng Li, Wenbiao Gong, and Chuan Ju. 2022. "The Influence of Tool Shape on Plastic Metal Flow, Microstructure and Properties of Friction Stir Welded 2024 Aluminum Alloy Joints" Metals 12, no. 3: 408. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12030408