Active Slip Mode Analysis of an Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Alloy via In-Grain Misorientation Axis Distribution
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- Due to the rapid cooling and thermal cycling in the SLM process, a large number of {10–11} twins appeared in the as-built SLM Ti-6Al-4V alloy, which contributed to the accommodation of local strains.
- (2)
- In the longitudinal compressed sample, the IGMA distribution and slip modes of individual grains were directly related to the grain orientation and morphology. The grains with their c-axes perpendicular to the loading direction (i.e., the BD) were observed to facilitate the activation of dislocation slip, so they were called soft grains. The long axes of lath-shaped soft grains were inclined or perpendicular to the loading direction, which determined their tendency to activate prismatic <a> slip or pyramidal slip, respectively.
- (3)
- The presence of soft grains rationalized the mechanical property anisotropy of the SLM Ti-6Al-4V alloy: Soft grains in the longitudinal compressed sample played an important role in accommodating the external strain. In contrast, in the transverse compressed sample, the grains with their c-axes parallel to the loading direction (which was perpendicular to the BD) did not satisfy the conditions for soft grains. Therefore, the longitudinal compressed sample showed better ductility.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
AM | Additive manufacturing |
BCC | Body-centered cubic |
BD | Building direction |
CRSS | Critical resolved shear stress |
EBSD | Electron backscatter diffraction |
ECAP | equal channel angular pressing |
FWHM | Full width at half maximum |
HAGB | High-angle grain boundary |
HCP | Hexagonal close-packed |
IGMA | In-grain misorientation axis |
IPF | Inverse pole figure |
LAGB | Low-angle grain boundary |
MRD | Multiples of a random distribution |
OM | Optical microscopy |
SEM | Scanning electron microscopy |
SLM | Selective laser melted |
TEM | Transmission electron microscopy |
TKD | Transmission Kikuchi diffraction |
XRD | X-ray diffraction |
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Slip Mode | Number of Slip Systems | Taylor Axis | Number of Variants of Taylor Axis |
---|---|---|---|
{01–10}<−2110> | 3 | <0001> | 1 |
{0002}<−2110> | 3 | <0−110> | 3 |
{01–11}<0−112> | 6 | <2–1–10> | 3 |
{01–11}<−2110> | 6 | <0–112> | 6 |
{01–11}<−1–123> | 12 | <13–8–53> | 12 |
{11–22}<−1–123> | 6 | <1–100> | 3 |
{−12–11}<−1–123> | 12 | <6−1–53> | 12 |
Samples | Intensity Values of (10–10)α | Intensity Values of (0001)α | Intensity Values of (10–11)α | Relative Intensity of (10–10)α/(0001)α | Relative Intensity of (10–11)α/(0001)α |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Original | 580 | 2186 | 4684 | 0.265 | 2.143 |
Longitudinal | 177 | 595 | 1761 | 0.297 | 2.960 |
Transverse | 1364 | 5187 | 13255 | 0.263 | 2.555 |
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Li, C.; Sun, J.; Feng, A.; Wang, H.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, C.; Zhao, F.; Cao, G.; Qu, S.; Chen, D. Active Slip Mode Analysis of an Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Alloy via In-Grain Misorientation Axis Distribution. Metals 2022, 12, 532. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12040532
Li C, Sun J, Feng A, Wang H, Zhang X, Zhang C, Zhao F, Cao G, Qu S, Chen D. Active Slip Mode Analysis of an Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Alloy via In-Grain Misorientation Axis Distribution. Metals. 2022; 12(4):532. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12040532
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Chen, Jingli Sun, Aihan Feng, Hao Wang, Xiaoyu Zhang, Chaoqun Zhang, Fu Zhao, Guojian Cao, Shoujiang Qu, and Daolun Chen. 2022. "Active Slip Mode Analysis of an Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Alloy via In-Grain Misorientation Axis Distribution" Metals 12, no. 4: 532. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12040532