High-Temperature Tensile Properties of Hastelloy X Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion with Different Heat Treatments
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Microstructure Characterization of LPBF HX Alloys
3.2. High-Temperature Tensile Properties
3.3. Fracture Surface Characterization
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- 1.
- The high-temperature (1175 °C) solution heat treatments could homogenize the microstructure, eliminate the molten pool boundaries, and achieve the columnar to equiaxed grain transition.
- 2.
- Slow cooling, such as furnace cooling (10 °C/min) used in this study, could lead to coarse carbide precipitation with continuous morphology along the grain boundaries. In contrast, rapid cooling (air cooling and water quenching) approach might lead to the formation of thin carbide layers.
- 3.
- The chromium rich carbide (M23C6) is easily obtained at a low cooling temperature. The cooling rate of furnace cooling is slow, so M23C6 can be fully precipitated. The continuous carbide distribution at the grain boundary can play a strengthening role and hinder dislocations. Therefore, the high temperature plasticity of as-built LPBF HX alloy is greatly improved.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Alloy (wt.%) | Ni | Cr | Fe | Mo | Co | C | Si | W | Al | O |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Powder (%) | Bal. | 21.5 | 19.27 | 9.14 | 1.52 | 0.065 | 0.28 | 0.53 | 0.1 | 0.016 |
As-fabricated | Bal. | 21.53 | 19.31 | 9.22 | 1.54 | 0.08 | 0.29 | 0.55 | 0.1 | 0.03 |
ID | HT Temperature | Dwell Time | Cooling Mode |
---|---|---|---|
1175-FC | 1175 ℃ | 30 min | Furnace cooling |
1175-AC | 1175 ℃ | 30 min | Air cooling |
1175-WQ | 1175 ℃ | 30 min | Water quenching |
Samples | UTS (MPa) | YS (MPa) | EL (%) |
---|---|---|---|
As-built | 293.2 ± 1.1 | 201.4 ± 0.9 | 6.5 ± 0.7 |
FC | 293.5 ± 2.4 | 176.1 ± 4.3 | 34.8 ± 0.5 |
AC | 304.3 ± 3.2 | 196.7 ± 3.5 | 33.5 ± 0.8 |
WQ | 307.2 ± 0.8 | 201.6 ± 4.1 | 33.0 ± 0.4 |
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Liu, M.; Zeng, Q.; Hua, Y.; Zheng, W.; Wu, Y.; Jin, Y.; Li, Y.; Wang, J.; Zhang, K. High-Temperature Tensile Properties of Hastelloy X Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion with Different Heat Treatments. Metals 2022, 12, 1435. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12091435
Liu M, Zeng Q, Hua Y, Zheng W, Wu Y, Jin Y, Li Y, Wang J, Zhang K. High-Temperature Tensile Properties of Hastelloy X Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion with Different Heat Treatments. Metals. 2022; 12(9):1435. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12091435
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Minghao, Qi Zeng, Yuting Hua, Wenpeng Zheng, Yuxia Wu, Yan Jin, Yuanyuan Li, Jiangwei Wang, and Kai Zhang. 2022. "High-Temperature Tensile Properties of Hastelloy X Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion with Different Heat Treatments" Metals 12, no. 9: 1435. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12091435