Effect of the Pre-Shot Peening and Nitrogen Ion Implantation Combined Surface Treatments on the Surface Structure and Properties of Gear Steel 16Cr3NiWMoVNbE
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Set-Up
2.1. Materials
2.2. Shot Peening and Ion Implanataion
2.3. Characterization Techniques
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Surface Morphology
3.2. Residual Stress Profile
3.3. Surface Structure
3.4. Nano-Hardness
4. Conclusions
- i.
- After shot peening, the surface roughness of 16Cr3 gear steel increases significantly, and the surface roughness value increases with the growth of shot peening intensity. After nitrogen ion implantation, whether the surface is grinded or shot peened, the surface roughness decreases.
- ii.
- Under the same sample state and the same voltage, the higher the ion implantation temperature, the greater the residual compressive stress on the sample surface after ion implantation. The plastic deformation caused by shot peening provides a diffusion channel for ion implantation and accelerates the diffusion of nitrogen ion. The residual stress-affected layer during ion implantation increases with the increase in shot peening intensity and ion implantation temperature.
- iii.
- After shot peening, the surface layer of 16Cr3 gear steel produces a deformed layer of 120 μm, while the surface deformation layer increases to 135 μm, and the maximum percentage of the corresponding subgrain size decreases from 9 μm to 4 μm, after the combined peening and ion implantation treatment.
- iv.
- Compared with the AR state, the surface nano-hardness of the 1SPNIw and NIw states is increased by 124.4% and 191.6%, respectively. The diffusion channel effect of shot peening reduces the concentration of nitrogen ions on the surface, so that the hardness of the shot-peened and ion-implanted sample is smaller than that of the single ion-implanted sample.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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C | Mn | Si | W | Cr | Ni | Mo | V | Fe | C |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.16 | 0.58 | 0.81 | 1.14 | 2.81 | 1.25 | 0.48 | 0.45 | Bal. | 0.16 |
Temperature (°C) | Rm (MPa) | Rp0.2 (MPa) | A (%) | Z (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
25 | 1400 | 1190 | 14 | 62 |
No. | 1. Shot Peening | 2. Nitrogen Ion Implantation | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
ASH230 Shots (0.3 mmA) | AZB150 Beads (0.1 mmA) | Water Cooling (53 °C) | Non-Water Cooling (200 °C) | |
AR | × | × | × | × |
1SP | × | √ | × | × |
1SPNIw | × | √ | √ | × |
1SPNIn | × | √ | × | √ |
3SP | √ | × | × | × |
NIw | × | × | √ | × |
NIn | × | × | × | √ |
No. | AR | 1SP | 1SPNIw | 1SPNIn | 3SP | NIw | NIn |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ra | 0.631 | 1.609 | 1.363 | 1.379 | 4.809 | 0.296 | 0.340 |
Rz | 9.808 | 16.222 | 11.201 | 13.061 | 32.193 | 2.869 | 2.997 |
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Xu, C.; Wang, X.; Zhang, B.; Luo, X.; Tang, Z.; Dai, S. Effect of the Pre-Shot Peening and Nitrogen Ion Implantation Combined Surface Treatments on the Surface Structure and Properties of Gear Steel 16Cr3NiWMoVNbE. Metals 2022, 12, 1509. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12091509
Xu C, Wang X, Zhang B, Luo X, Tang Z, Dai S. Effect of the Pre-Shot Peening and Nitrogen Ion Implantation Combined Surface Treatments on the Surface Structure and Properties of Gear Steel 16Cr3NiWMoVNbE. Metals. 2022; 12(9):1509. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12091509
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Chunling, Xin Wang, Bin Zhang, Xuekun Luo, Zhihui Tang, and Shenglong Dai. 2022. "Effect of the Pre-Shot Peening and Nitrogen Ion Implantation Combined Surface Treatments on the Surface Structure and Properties of Gear Steel 16Cr3NiWMoVNbE" Metals 12, no. 9: 1509. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12091509