Effect of Trace Rare-Earth Element Ce on the Microstructure and Properties of Cold-Rolled Medium Manganese Steel
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Materials and Methods
3. Results and Analysis
3.1. Original Austenite Grains
3.2. Microstructural Evolution
3.3. Residual Austenite Content
3.4. Mechanical Properties
3.5. Texture Analysis
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- After adding trace rare-earth Ce, the AC3 temperature of the experimental steel increased, which delayed the nucleation of austenite in the microstructure of the rare-earth experimental steel during quenching, resulting in smaller original austenite grain sizes.
- (2)
- The grain size distribution of the experimental steel with 9 ppm RE was more uniform, the residual austenite content was higher, and the mechanical properties were better than those of RE-free steel. The maximum product of the strength and elongation of the experimental steel with 9 ppm RE was obtained when quenching at 800 °C for 5 min and annealing at 645 °C for 15 min. At this time, the residual austenite content of the experimental steel was 22.8%, the tensile strength was 840 MPa, the elongation was 33.89%, and the product of strength and plasticity was 28.47 GPa·%.
- (3)
- The texture distributions and density levels of the two groups of experimental steel were similar after adding trace rare earth, but the volume fraction of the favorable texture {111} increased and the volume fraction of the unfavorable texture {100} decreased. It can be seen that the addition of trace rare-earth elements can improve the microstructure of steel and improve the comprehensive mechanical properties.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Steel | C | Mn | Si | Al | Cu | Ni | Nb | Ti | P | S | Ce |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 RE | 0.089 | 4.873 | 0.113 | 0.047 | 0.28 | 0.263 | 0.030 | 0.028 | 0.011 | 0.006 | - |
9 ppm RE | 0.093 | 4.899 | 0.128 | 0.071 | 0.26 | 0.246 | 0.027 | 0.029 | 0.011 | 0.006 | 0.0009 |
G-Value | (200)γ | (220)γ | (311)γ |
---|---|---|---|
(200)α | 2.46 | 1.32 | 1.78 |
(211)α | 1.21 | 0.65 | 0.87 |
ART Annealing | {001}<110> | {112}<110> | {223}<110> | {111}<110> | {111}<112> |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 RE | 2.5 | 4.8 | 5.3 | 4.6 | 3.2 |
9 ppm RE | 2.9 | 5.0 | 5.4 | 4.9 | 4.4 |
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Zhao, Q.; Dong, R.; Lu, Y.; Yang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Yang, X. Effect of Trace Rare-Earth Element Ce on the Microstructure and Properties of Cold-Rolled Medium Manganese Steel. Metals 2023, 13, 116. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13010116
Zhao Q, Dong R, Lu Y, Yang Y, Wang Y, Yang X. Effect of Trace Rare-Earth Element Ce on the Microstructure and Properties of Cold-Rolled Medium Manganese Steel. Metals. 2023; 13(1):116. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13010116
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Qingbo, Ruifeng Dong, Yongfa Lu, Yang Yang, Yanru Wang, and Xiong Yang. 2023. "Effect of Trace Rare-Earth Element Ce on the Microstructure and Properties of Cold-Rolled Medium Manganese Steel" Metals 13, no. 1: 116. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13010116