Influence of Materials on Dry Friction and Wear Performance of Harmonic Reducer Circular Spline
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Microstructure and Morphology Analysis of the Circular Spline
3.2. Analysis and Comparison of the Wear Resistance of the Circular Spline
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- The microstructure of SHF is tempered sorbite, the microstructure of SHG is pearlite, and the pearlite lamellar spacing is 0.57 μm. The main enhanced precipitated phase in the former is (Ti, V, Mo)/C and in the latter is Cu/Mg; both are the second-phase particles, which are larger than 1 μm in average length. The microstructure of 40Cr is tempered sorbite.
- Compared with 40Cr, ductile iron has better wear resistance, which is due to the existence of graphite that provides a solid self-lubrication layer. SHF has the lowest friction coefficient and wear followed by SHG, and the highest is 40Cr. The nodularity of the ductile iron of the two types of circular splines is well controlled, reaching more than 90%, and the obvious difference is mainly reflected in the area fraction and the diameter of the graphite nodules. The area fraction of the SHF graphite nodules is 8.58%, the area fraction of the SHG graphite nodules is 7.41%, and the average diameter of the graphite nodules is relatively thick, reaching 37.7 μm, while the average diameter of the SHG graphite nodules is 28.8 μm.
- The dominant wear mechanism of the SHF and SHG circular splines is abrasive wear, and the dominant wear mechanism of the 40Cr circular spline is adhesive wear. Hardness is not a key factor affecting the wear resistance of the materials. In this paper, the wear resistance is inversely proportional to the hardness, and the wear resistance of the two types of ductile iron depends on the different microstructures and second-phase particles. The area fraction of the SHF graphite nodules is 1.17% higher than that of the SHG graphite nodules, and the average diameter of the graphite nodules is 30.9% larger than that of the SHG graphite nodules. Both the diameter and the area fraction of the SHF graphite are large, the effective lubrication distance is longer, and more graphite was extruded to the wear surface, further improving the wear resistance. The wear resistance of the tempered sorbite with (Ti, V, Mo)/C as the main precipitation is stronger than that of the pearlite with Cu/Mg precipitation phase.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Alloy Compositon | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Cu | Mo | Ti | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SHF | 3.17 | 2.18 | 0.40 | 0.021 | 0.007 | 0.043 | 0.015 | 0.19 | 0.005 | 0.015 | Bal. |
SHG | 3.44 | 2.00 | 0.41 | 0.019 | 0.006 | 0.02 | 0.011 | 2.63 | 0.002 | — | Bal. |
40Cr | 0.40 | 0.21 | 0.63 | 0.019 | 0.005 | 0.93 | 0.02 | — | — | — | Bal. |
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Hu, G.; Ge, Y.; Wu, T.; Mu, X.; Ren, F.; Shao, Z.; Zhang, C. Influence of Materials on Dry Friction and Wear Performance of Harmonic Reducer Circular Spline. Metals 2023, 13, 378. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13020378
Hu G, Ge Y, Wu T, Mu X, Ren F, Shao Z, Zhang C. Influence of Materials on Dry Friction and Wear Performance of Harmonic Reducer Circular Spline. Metals. 2023; 13(2):378. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13020378
Chicago/Turabian StyleHu, Guyue, Yi Ge, Tong Wu, Xiaobiao Mu, Fengyao Ren, Zhuhao Shao, and Chaolei Zhang. 2023. "Influence of Materials on Dry Friction and Wear Performance of Harmonic Reducer Circular Spline" Metals 13, no. 2: 378. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13020378